{
  "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/rules-of-the-air-regulations-1996",
  "json_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/rules-of-the-air-regulations-1996.json",
  "id": "uksi/1996/1393",
  "title": "The Rules of the Air Regulations 1996",
  "short_title": "Rules of the Air 1996",
  "long_title": "These Regulations revoke and replace the Rules of the Air Regulations 1991, as amended. In addition to some minor drafting amendments, the following changes are made:Lateral distances are specified in metric measurements and pressure in hectopascals (rules 5, 16(2) and 30(1)).When taking off or approaching to land at an aerodrome within Class B, C or D airspace, any visibility communicated to the commander of the aeroplane by the appropriate air traffic control unit shall be taken to be the flight visibility (rule 24(3)).",
  "citation": "S.I. 1996/1393",
  "type": "uksi",
  "year": "1996",
  "number": "1393",
  "version": "current",
  "date": "1996-05-28",
  "revised": false,
  "valid_from": null,
  "extent": null,
  "unapplied_effects": 12,
  "provisions": [
    {
      "path": "introduction",
      "kind": "introduction",
      "number": null,
      "heading": "Introductory text",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/rules-of-the-air-regulations-1996/introduction",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "regulation/1",
      "kind": "regulation",
      "number": "1",
      "heading": null,
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/rules-of-the-air-regulations-1996/regulation-1",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "regulation/2",
      "kind": "regulation",
      "number": "2",
      "heading": null,
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/rules-of-the-air-regulations-1996/regulation-2",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "regulation/3",
      "kind": "regulation",
      "number": "3",
      "heading": null,
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/rules-of-the-air-regulations-1996/regulation-3",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "signature",
      "kind": "signature",
      "number": null,
      "heading": "Signature",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/rules-of-the-air-regulations-1996/signature",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "schedule/FIRST",
      "kind": "schedule",
      "number": "FIRST",
      "heading": null,
      "url": null,
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "schedule/FIRST/crossheading/interpretation",
      "kind": "crossheading",
      "number": "SECTION I",
      "heading": "INTERPRETATION",
      "url": null,
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "schedule/FIRST"
    },
    {
      "path": "schedule/FIRST/paragraph/1",
      "kind": "paragraph",
      "number": "1",
      "heading": "Interpretation",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/rules-of-the-air-regulations-1996/schedule-FIRST/paragraph-1",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "schedule/FIRST/crossheading/interpretation"
    },
    {
      "path": "schedule/FIRST/crossheading/general",
      "kind": "crossheading",
      "number": "SECTION II",
      "heading": "GENERAL",
      "url": null,
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "schedule/FIRST"
    },
    {
      "path": "schedule/FIRST/paragraph/2",
      "kind": "paragraph",
      "number": "2",
      "heading": "Application of Rules to aircraft",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/rules-of-the-air-regulations-1996/schedule-FIRST/paragraph-2",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "schedule/FIRST/crossheading/general"
    },
    {
      "path": "schedule/FIRST/paragraph/3",
      "kind": "paragraph",
      "number": "3",
      "heading": "Misuse of signals and markings",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/rules-of-the-air-regulations-1996/schedule-FIRST/paragraph-3",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "schedule/FIRST/crossheading/general"
    },
    {
      "path": "schedule/FIRST/paragraph/4",
      "kind": "paragraph",
      "number": "4",
      "heading": "Reporting hazardous conditions",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/rules-of-the-air-regulations-1996/schedule-FIRST/paragraph-4",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "schedule/FIRST/crossheading/general"
    },
    {
      "path": "schedule/FIRST/paragraph/5",
      "kind": "paragraph",
      "number": "5",
      "heading": "Low flying",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/rules-of-the-air-regulations-1996/schedule-FIRST/paragraph-5",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "schedule/FIRST/crossheading/general"
    },
    {
      "path": "schedule/FIRST/paragraph/6",
      "kind": "paragraph",
      "number": "6",
      "heading": "Simulated instrument flight",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/rules-of-the-air-regulations-1996/schedule-FIRST/paragraph-6",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "schedule/FIRST/crossheading/general"
    },
    {
      "path": "schedule/FIRST/paragraph/7",
      "kind": "paragraph",
      "number": "7",
      "heading": "Practice instrument approaches",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/rules-of-the-air-regulations-1996/schedule-FIRST/paragraph-7",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "schedule/FIRST/crossheading/general"
    },
    {
      "path": "schedule/FIRST/crossheading/lights-and-other-signals-to-be-shown-or-made-by-aircraft",
      "kind": "crossheading",
      "number": "SECTION III",
      "heading": "LIGHTS AND OTHER SIGNALS TO BE SHOWN OR MADE BY AIRCRAFT",
      "url": null,
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "schedule/FIRST"
    },
    {
      "path": "schedule/FIRST/paragraph/8",
      "kind": "paragraph",
      "number": "8",
      "heading": "General",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/rules-of-the-air-regulations-1996/schedule-FIRST/paragraph-8",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "schedule/FIRST/crossheading/lights-and-other-signals-to-be-shown-or-made-by-aircraft"
    },
    {
      "path": "schedule/FIRST/paragraph/9",
      "kind": "paragraph",
      "number": "9",
      "heading": "Display of lights by aircraft",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/rules-of-the-air-regulations-1996/schedule-FIRST/paragraph-9",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "schedule/FIRST/crossheading/lights-and-other-signals-to-be-shown-or-made-by-aircraft"
    },
    {
      "path": "schedule/FIRST/paragraph/10",
      "kind": "paragraph",
      "number": "10",
      "heading": "Failure of navigation and anti-collision lights",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/rules-of-the-air-regulations-1996/schedule-FIRST/paragraph-10",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "schedule/FIRST/crossheading/lights-and-other-signals-to-be-shown-or-made-by-aircraft"
    },
    {
      "path": "schedule/FIRST/paragraph/11",
      "kind": "paragraph",
      "number": "11",
      "heading": "Flying machines",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/rules-of-the-air-regulations-1996/schedule-FIRST/paragraph-11",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "schedule/FIRST/crossheading/lights-and-other-signals-to-be-shown-or-made-by-aircraft"
    },
    {
      "path": "schedule/FIRST/paragraph/12",
      "kind": "paragraph",
      "number": "12",
      "heading": "Gliders",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/rules-of-the-air-regulations-1996/schedule-FIRST/paragraph-12",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "schedule/FIRST/crossheading/lights-and-other-signals-to-be-shown-or-made-by-aircraft"
    },
    {
      "path": "schedule/FIRST/paragraph/13",
      "kind": "paragraph",
      "number": "13",
      "heading": "Free balloons",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/rules-of-the-air-regulations-1996/schedule-FIRST/paragraph-13",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "schedule/FIRST/crossheading/lights-and-other-signals-to-be-shown-or-made-by-aircraft"
    },
    {
      "path": "schedule/FIRST/paragraph/14",
      "kind": "paragraph",
      "number": "14",
      "heading": "Captive balloons and kites",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/rules-of-the-air-regulations-1996/schedule-FIRST/paragraph-14",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "schedule/FIRST/crossheading/lights-and-other-signals-to-be-shown-or-made-by-aircraft"
    },
    {
      "path": "schedule/FIRST/paragraph/15",
      "kind": "paragraph",
      "number": "15",
      "heading": "Airships",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/rules-of-the-air-regulations-1996/schedule-FIRST/paragraph-15",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "schedule/FIRST/crossheading/lights-and-other-signals-to-be-shown-or-made-by-aircraft"
    },
    {
      "path": "schedule/FIRST/crossheading/general-flight-rules",
      "kind": "crossheading",
      "number": "SECTION IV",
      "heading": "GENERAL FLIGHT RULES",
      "url": null,
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "schedule/FIRST"
    },
    {
      "path": "schedule/FIRST/paragraph/16",
      "kind": "paragraph",
      "number": "16",
      "heading": "Weather reports and forecasts",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/rules-of-the-air-regulations-1996/schedule-FIRST/paragraph-16",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "schedule/FIRST/crossheading/general-flight-rules"
    },
    {
      "path": "schedule/FIRST/paragraph/17",
      "kind": "paragraph",
      "number": "17",
      "heading": "Rules for avoiding aerial collisions",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/rules-of-the-air-regulations-1996/schedule-FIRST/paragraph-17",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "schedule/FIRST/crossheading/general-flight-rules"
    },
    {
      "path": "schedule/FIRST/paragraph/18",
      "kind": "paragraph",
      "number": "18",
      "heading": "Aerobatic manoeuvres",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/rules-of-the-air-regulations-1996/schedule-FIRST/paragraph-18",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "schedule/FIRST/crossheading/general-flight-rules"
    },
    {
      "path": "schedule/FIRST/paragraph/19",
      "kind": "paragraph",
      "number": "19",
      "heading": "Right-hand traffic rule",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/rules-of-the-air-regulations-1996/schedule-FIRST/paragraph-19",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "schedule/FIRST/crossheading/general-flight-rules"
    },
    {
      "path": "schedule/FIRST/paragraph/20",
      "kind": "paragraph",
      "number": "20",
      "heading": "Notification of arrival and departure",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/rules-of-the-air-regulations-1996/schedule-FIRST/paragraph-20",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "schedule/FIRST/crossheading/general-flight-rules"
    },
    {
      "path": "schedule/FIRST/paragraph/21",
      "kind": "paragraph",
      "number": "21",
      "heading": "Flight in Class A airspace",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/rules-of-the-air-regulations-1996/schedule-FIRST/paragraph-21",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "schedule/FIRST/crossheading/general-flight-rules"
    },
    {
      "path": "schedule/FIRST/paragraph/22",
      "kind": "paragraph",
      "number": "22",
      "heading": "Choice of VFR or IFR",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/rules-of-the-air-regulations-1996/schedule-FIRST/paragraph-22",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "schedule/FIRST/crossheading/general-flight-rules"
    },
    {
      "path": "schedule/FIRST/paragraph/23",
      "kind": "paragraph",
      "number": "23",
      "heading": "Speed Limitation",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/rules-of-the-air-regulations-1996/schedule-FIRST/paragraph-23",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "schedule/FIRST/crossheading/general-flight-rules"
    },
    {
      "path": "schedule/FIRST/crossheading/visual-flight-rules",
      "kind": "crossheading",
      "number": "SECTION V",
      "heading": "VISUAL FLIGHT RULES",
      "url": null,
      "extent": null,
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      "parent": "schedule/FIRST"
    },
    {
      "path": "schedule/FIRST/paragraph/24",
      "kind": "paragraph",
      "number": "24",
      "heading": "Visual flight and reported visibility",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/rules-of-the-air-regulations-1996/schedule-FIRST/paragraph-24",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "schedule/FIRST/crossheading/visual-flight-rules"
    },
    {
      "path": "schedule/FIRST/paragraph/25",
      "kind": "paragraph",
      "number": "25",
      "heading": "Flight within controlled airspace",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/rules-of-the-air-regulations-1996/schedule-FIRST/paragraph-25",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "schedule/FIRST/crossheading/visual-flight-rules"
    },
    {
      "path": "schedule/FIRST/paragraph/26",
      "kind": "paragraph",
      "number": "26",
      "heading": "Flight outside controlled airspace",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/rules-of-the-air-regulations-1996/schedule-FIRST/paragraph-26",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "schedule/FIRST/crossheading/visual-flight-rules"
    },
    {
      "path": "schedule/FIRST/paragraph/27",
      "kind": "paragraph",
      "number": "27",
      "heading": "VFR flight plan and air traffic control clearance",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/rules-of-the-air-regulations-1996/schedule-FIRST/paragraph-27",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "schedule/FIRST/crossheading/visual-flight-rules"
    },
    {
      "path": "schedule/FIRST/crossheading/instrument-flight-rules",
      "kind": "crossheading",
      "number": "SECTION VI",
      "heading": "INSTRUMENT FLIGHT RULES",
      "url": null,
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "schedule/FIRST"
    },
    {
      "path": "schedule/FIRST/paragraph/28",
      "kind": "paragraph",
      "number": "28",
      "heading": "Instrument Flight Rules",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/rules-of-the-air-regulations-1996/schedule-FIRST/paragraph-28",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "schedule/FIRST/crossheading/instrument-flight-rules"
    },
    {
      "path": "schedule/FIRST/paragraph/29",
      "kind": "paragraph",
      "number": "29",
      "heading": "Minimum height",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/rules-of-the-air-regulations-1996/schedule-FIRST/paragraph-29",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "schedule/FIRST/crossheading/instrument-flight-rules"
    },
    {
      "path": "schedule/FIRST/paragraph/30",
      "kind": "paragraph",
      "number": "30",
      "heading": "Quadrantal rule and semi-circular rule",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/rules-of-the-air-regulations-1996/schedule-FIRST/paragraph-30",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "schedule/FIRST/crossheading/instrument-flight-rules"
    },
    {
      "path": "schedule/FIRST/paragraph/31",
      "kind": "paragraph",
      "number": "31",
      "heading": "Flight plan and air traffic control clearance",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/rules-of-the-air-regulations-1996/schedule-FIRST/paragraph-31",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "schedule/FIRST/crossheading/instrument-flight-rules"
    },
    {
      "path": "schedule/FIRST/paragraph/32",
      "kind": "paragraph",
      "number": "32",
      "heading": "Position reports",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/rules-of-the-air-regulations-1996/schedule-FIRST/paragraph-32",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "schedule/FIRST/crossheading/instrument-flight-rules"
    },
    {
      "path": "schedule/FIRST/crossheading/aerodrome-traffic-rules",
      "kind": "crossheading",
      "number": "SECTION VII",
      "heading": "AERODROME TRAFFIC RULES",
      "url": null,
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "schedule/FIRST"
    },
    {
      "path": "schedule/FIRST/paragraph/33",
      "kind": "paragraph",
      "number": "33",
      "heading": "Application of aerodrome traffic rules",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/rules-of-the-air-regulations-1996/schedule-FIRST/paragraph-33",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "schedule/FIRST/crossheading/aerodrome-traffic-rules"
    },
    {
      "path": "schedule/FIRST/paragraph/34",
      "kind": "paragraph",
      "number": "34",
      "heading": "Visual signals",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/rules-of-the-air-regulations-1996/schedule-FIRST/paragraph-34",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "schedule/FIRST/crossheading/aerodrome-traffic-rules"
    },
    {
      "path": "schedule/FIRST/paragraph/35",
      "kind": "paragraph",
      "number": "35",
      "heading": "Movement of aircraft on aerodromes",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/rules-of-the-air-regulations-1996/schedule-FIRST/paragraph-35",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "schedule/FIRST/crossheading/aerodrome-traffic-rules"
    },
    {
      "path": "schedule/FIRST/paragraph/36",
      "kind": "paragraph",
      "number": "36",
      "heading": "Access to and movement of persons and vehicles on the aerodrome",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/rules-of-the-air-regulations-1996/schedule-FIRST/paragraph-36",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "schedule/FIRST/crossheading/aerodrome-traffic-rules"
    },
    {
      "path": "schedule/FIRST/paragraph/37",
      "kind": "paragraph",
      "number": "37",
      "heading": "Right of way on the ground",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/rules-of-the-air-regulations-1996/schedule-FIRST/paragraph-37",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "schedule/FIRST/crossheading/aerodrome-traffic-rules"
    },
    {
      "path": "schedule/FIRST/paragraph/38",
      "kind": "paragraph",
      "number": "38",
      "heading": "Launching, picking up and dropping of tow ropes, etc.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/rules-of-the-air-regulations-1996/schedule-FIRST/paragraph-38",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "schedule/FIRST/crossheading/aerodrome-traffic-rules"
    },
    {
      "path": "schedule/FIRST/paragraph/39",
      "kind": "paragraph",
      "number": "39",
      "heading": "Flight within aerodrome traffic zones",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/rules-of-the-air-regulations-1996/schedule-FIRST/paragraph-39",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "schedule/FIRST/crossheading/aerodrome-traffic-rules"
    },
    {
      "path": "schedule/FIRST/crossheading/special-rules",
      "kind": "crossheading",
      "number": "SECTION VIII",
      "heading": "SPECIAL RULES",
      "url": null,
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "schedule/FIRST"
    },
    {
      "path": "schedule/FIRST/paragraph/40",
      "kind": "paragraph",
      "number": "40",
      "heading": "Use of radio navigation aids",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/rules-of-the-air-regulations-1996/schedule-FIRST/paragraph-40",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "schedule/FIRST/crossheading/special-rules"
    },
    {
      "path": "schedule/FIRST/crossheading/aerodrome-signals-and-markingsvisual-and-aural-signals",
      "kind": "crossheading",
      "number": "SECTION IX",
      "heading": "AERODROME SIGNALS AND MARKINGS—VISUAL AND AURAL SIGNALS",
      "url": null,
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "schedule/FIRST"
    },
    {
      "path": "schedule/FIRST/paragraph/41",
      "kind": "paragraph",
      "number": "41",
      "heading": "General",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/rules-of-the-air-regulations-1996/schedule-FIRST/paragraph-41",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "schedule/FIRST/crossheading/aerodrome-signals-and-markingsvisual-and-aural-signals"
    },
    {
      "path": "schedule/FIRST/paragraph/42",
      "kind": "paragraph",
      "number": "42",
      "heading": "General",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/rules-of-the-air-regulations-1996/schedule-FIRST/paragraph-42",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "schedule/FIRST/crossheading/aerodrome-signals-and-markingsvisual-and-aural-signals"
    },
    {
      "path": "schedule/FIRST/paragraph/43",
      "kind": "paragraph",
      "number": "43",
      "heading": "Markings for paved runways and taxiways",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/rules-of-the-air-regulations-1996/schedule-FIRST/paragraph-43",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "schedule/FIRST/crossheading/aerodrome-signals-and-markingsvisual-and-aural-signals"
    },
    {
      "path": "schedule/FIRST/paragraph/44",
      "kind": "paragraph",
      "number": "44",
      "heading": "Markings on unpaved manoeuvring areas",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/rules-of-the-air-regulations-1996/schedule-FIRST/paragraph-44",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "schedule/FIRST/crossheading/aerodrome-signals-and-markingsvisual-and-aural-signals"
    },
    {
      "path": "schedule/FIRST/paragraph/45",
      "kind": "paragraph",
      "number": "45",
      "heading": "Signals visible from the ground",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/rules-of-the-air-regulations-1996/schedule-FIRST/paragraph-45",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "schedule/FIRST/crossheading/aerodrome-signals-and-markingsvisual-and-aural-signals"
    },
    {
      "path": "schedule/FIRST/paragraph/46",
      "kind": "paragraph",
      "number": "46",
      "heading": "Lights and pyrotechnic signals for control of aerodrome traffic",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/rules-of-the-air-regulations-1996/schedule-FIRST/paragraph-46",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "schedule/FIRST/crossheading/aerodrome-signals-and-markingsvisual-and-aural-signals"
    },
    {
      "path": "schedule/FIRST/paragraph/47",
      "kind": "paragraph",
      "number": "47",
      "heading": "Marshalling signals (from a marshaller to an aircraft)",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/rules-of-the-air-regulations-1996/schedule-FIRST/paragraph-47",
      "extent": null,
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