{
  "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/supply-of-machinery-safety-regulations-2008/schedule-2/part-1/chapter-2",
  "json_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/supply-of-machinery-safety-regulations-2008/schedule-2/part-1/chapter-2.json",
  "legislation": "uksi/2008/1597",
  "legislation_title": "The Supply of Machinery (Safety) Regulations 2008",
  "legislation_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/supply-of-machinery-safety-regulations-2008",
  "path": "schedule/2/part/1/chapter/2",
  "kind": "chapter",
  "number": null,
  "heading": "1. ESSENTIAL HEALTH AND SAFETY REQUIREMENTS",
  "text": "1.1.\nGENERAL REMARKS\n1.1.1.\nDefinitions\nFor the purpose of this Annex:\n(a)\n“hazard” means a potential source of injury or damage to health;\n(b)\n“danger zone” means any zone within and/or around machinery in which persons are subject to a risk to their health or safety;\n(c)\n“exposed person” means any person wholly or partially in a danger zone;\n(d)\n“operator” means the person or persons installing, operating, adjusting, maintaining, cleaning, repairing or moving machinery;\n(e)\n“risk” means a combination of the probability and the degree of an injury or damage to health that can arise in a hazardous situation;\n(f)\n“guard” means a part of the machinery used specifically to provide protection by means of a physical barrier;\n(g)\n“protective device” means a device (other than a guard) which reduces the risk, either alone or in conjunction with a guard;\n(h)\n“intended use” means the use of machinery in accordance with the information provided in the instructions for use;\n(i)\n“reasonably foreseeable misuse” means the use of machinery in a way not intended in the instructions for use, but which may result from readily predictable human behaviour.\n1.1.2.\nPrinciples of safety integration\n(a)\nMachinery must be designed and constructed so that it is fitted for its function, and can be operated, adjusted and maintained without putting persons at risk when these operations are carried out under the conditions foreseen but also taking into account any reasonably foreseeable misuse thereof.\nThe aim of measures taken must be to eliminate any risk throughout the foreseeable lifetime of the machinery including the phases of transport, assembly, dismantling, disabling and scrapping.\n(b)\nIn selecting the most appropriate methods, the responsible person must apply the following principles, in the order given:\neliminate or reduce risks as far as possible (inherently safe machinery design and construction),\ntake the necessary protective measures in relation to risks that cannot be eliminated,\ninform users of the residual risks due to any shortcomings of the protective measures adopted, indicate whether any particular training is required and specify any need to provide personal protective equipment.\n(c)\nWhen designing and constructing machinery and when drafting the instructions, the responsible person must envisage not only the intended use of the machinery but also any reasonably foreseeable misuse thereof.\nThe machinery must be designed and constructed in such a way as to prevent abnormal use if such use would engender a risk. Where appropriate, the instructions must draw the user's attention to ways – which experience has shown might occur – in which the machinery should not be used.\n(d)\nMachinery must be designed and constructed to take account of the constraints to which the operator is subject as a result of the necessary or foreseeable use of personal protective equipment.\n(e)\nMachinery must be supplied with all the special equipment and accessories essential to enable it to be adjusted, maintained and used safely.\n1.1.3.\nMaterials and products\nThe materials used to construct machinery or products used or created during its use must not endanger persons' safety or health. In particular, where fluids are used, machinery must be designed and constructed to prevent risks due to filling, use, recovery or draining.\n1.1.4.\nLighting\nMachinery must be supplied with integral lighting suitable for the operations concerned where the absence thereof is likely to cause a risk despite ambient lighting of normal intensity.\nMachinery must be designed and constructed so that there is no area of shadow likely to cause nuisance, that there is no irritating dazzle and that there are no dangerous stroboscopic effects on moving parts due to the lighting.\nInternal parts requiring frequent inspection and adjustment, and maintenance areas, must be provided with appropriate lighting.\n1.1.5.\nDesign of machinery to facilitate its handling\nMachinery, or each component part thereof, must:\nbe capable of being handled and transported safely,\nbe packaged or designed so that it can be stored safely and without damage.\nDuring the transportation of the machinery and/or its component parts, there must be no possibility of sudden movements or of hazards due to instability as long as the machinery and/or its component parts are handled in accordance with the instructions.\nWhere the weight, size or shape of machinery or its various component parts prevents them from being moved by hand, the machinery or each component part must:\neither be fitted with attachments for lifting gear, or\nbe designed so that it can be fitted with such attachments, or\nbe shaped in such a way that standard lifting gear can easily be attached.\nWhere machinery or one of its component parts is to be moved by hand, it must:\neither be easily moveable, or\nbe equipped for picking up and moving safely.\nSpecial arrangements must be made for the handling of tools and/or machinery parts which, even if lightweight, could be hazardous.\n1.1.6.\nErgonomics\nUnder the intended conditions of use, the discomfort, fatigue and physical and psychological stress faced by the operator must be reduced to the minimum possible, taking into account ergonomic principles such as:\nallowing for the variability of the operator's physical dimensions, strength and stamina,\nproviding enough space for movements of the parts of the operator's body,\navoiding a machine-determined work rate,\navoiding monitoring that requires lengthy concentration,\nadapting the man/machinery interface to the foreseeable characteristics of the operators.\n1.1.7.\nOperating positions\nThe operating position must be designed and constructed in such a way as to avoid any risk due to exhaust gases and/or lack of oxygen.\nIf the machinery is intended to be used in a hazardous environment presenting risks to the health and safety of the operator or if the machinery itself gives rise to a hazardous environment, adequate means must be provided to ensure that the operator has good working conditions and is protected against any foreseeable hazards.\nWhere appropriate, the operating position must be fitted with an adequate cabin designed, constructed and/or equipped to fulfil the above requirements. The exit must allow rapid evacuation. Moreover, when applicable, an emergency exit must be provided in a direction which is different from the usual exit.\n1.1.8.\nSeating\nWhere appropriate and where the working conditions so permit, work stations constituting an integral part of the machinery must be designed for the installation of seats.\nIf the operator is intended to sit during operation and the operating position is an integral part of the machinery, the seat must be provided with the machinery.\nThe operator's seat must enable the operator to maintain a stable position. Furthermore, the seat and its distance from the control devices must be capable of being adapted to the operator.\nIf the machinery is subject to vibrations, the seat must be designed and constructed in such a way as to reduce the vibrations transmitted to the operator to the lowest level that is reasonably possible. The seat mountings must withstand all stresses to which they can be subjected. Where there is no floor beneath the feet of the operator, footrests covered with a slip-resistant material must be provided.\n1.2.\nCONTROL SYSTEMS\n1.2.1.\nSafety and reliability of control systems\nControl systems must be designed and constructed in such a way as to prevent hazardous situations from arising. Above all, they must be designed and constructed in such a way that:\nthey can withstand the intended operating stresses and external influences,\na fault in the hardware or the software of the control system does not lead to hazardous situations,\nerrors in the control system logic do not lead to hazardous situations,\nreasonably foreseeable human error during operation does not lead to hazardous situations.\nParticular attention must be given to the following points:\nthe machinery must not start unexpectedly,\nthe parameters of the machinery must not change in an uncontrolled way, where such change may lead to hazardous situations,\nthe machinery must not be prevented from stopping if the stop command has already been given,\nno moving part of the machinery or piece held by the machinery must fall or be ejected,\nautomatic or manual stopping of the moving parts, whatever they may be, must be unimpeded,\nthe protective devices must remain fully effective or give a stop command,\nthe safety-related parts of the control system must apply in a coherent way to the whole of an assembly of machinery and/or partly completed machinery.\nFor cable-less control, an automatic stop must be activated when correct control signals are not received, including loss of communication.\n1.2.2.\nControl devices\nControl devices must be:\nclearly visible and identifiable, using pictograms where appropriate,\npositioned in such a way as to be safely operated without hesitation or loss of time and without ambiguity,\ndesigned in such a way that the movement of the control device is consistent with its effect,\nlocated outside the danger zones, except where necessary for certain control devices such as an emergency stop or a teach pendant,\npositioned in such a way that their operation cannot cause additional risk,\ndesigned or protected in such a way that the desired effect, where a hazard is involved, can only be achieved by a deliberate action,\nmade in such a way as to withstand foreseeable forces; particular attention must be paid to emergency stop devices liable to be subjected to considerable forces.\nWhere a control device is designed and constructed to perform several different actions, namely where there is no one-to-one correspondence, the action to be performed must be clearly displayed and subject to confirmation, where necessary.\nControl devices must be so arranged that their layout, travel and resistance to operation are compatible with the action to be performed, taking account of ergonomic principles.\nMachinery must be fitted with indicators as required for safe operation. The operator must be able to read them from the control position.\nFrom each control position, the operator must be able to ensure that no-one is in the danger zones, or the control system must be designed and constructed in such a way that starting is prevented while someone is in the danger zone.\nIf neither of these possibilities is applicable, before the machinery starts, an acoustic and/or visual warning signal must be given. The exposed persons must have time to leave the danger zone or prevent the machinery starting up.\nIf necessary, means must be provided to ensure that the machinery can be controlled only from control positions located in one or more predetermined zones or locations.\nWhere there is more than one control position, the control system must be designed in such a way that the use of one of them precludes the use of the others, except for stop controls and emergency stops.\nWhen machinery has two or more operating positions, each position must be provided with all the required control devices without the operators hindering or putting each other into a hazardous situation.\n1.2.3.\nStarting\nIt must be possible to start machinery only by voluntary actuation of a control device provided for the purpose.\nThe same requirement applies:\nwhen restarting the machinery after a stoppage, whatever the cause,\nwhen effecting a significant change in the operating conditions.\nHowever, the restarting of the machinery or a change in operating conditions may be effected by voluntary actuation of a device other than the control device provided for the purpose, on condition that this does not lead to a hazardous situation.\nFor machinery functioning in automatic mode, the starting of the machinery, restarting after a stoppage, or a change in operating conditions may be possible without intervention, provided this does not lead to a hazardous situation.\nWhere machinery has several starting control devices and the operators can therefore put each other in danger, additional devices must be fitted to rule out such risks. If safety requires that starting and/or stopping must be performed in a specific sequence, there must be devices which ensure that these operations are performed in the correct order.\n1.2.4.\nStopping\n1.2.4.1.\nNormal stop\nMachinery must be fitted with a control device whereby the machinery can be brought safely to a complete stop.\nEach workstation must be fitted with a control device to stop some or all of the functions of the machinery, depending on the existing hazards, so that the machinery is rendered safe.\nThe machinery's stop control must have priority over the start controls.\nOnce the machinery or its hazardous functions have stopped, the energy supply to the actuators concerned must be cut off.\n1.2.4.2.\nOperational stop\nWhere, for operational reasons, a stop control that does not cut off the energy supply to the actuators is required, the stop condition must be monitored and maintained.\n1.2.4.3.\nEmergency stop\nMachinery must be fitted with one or more emergency stop devices to enable actual or impending danger to be averted.\nThe following exceptions apply:\nmachinery in which an emergency stop device would not lessen the risk, either because it would not reduce the stopping time or because it would not enable the special measures required to deal with the risk to be taken,\nportable hand-held and/or hand-guided machinery.\nThe device must:\nhave clearly identifiable, clearly visible and quickly accessible control devices,\nstop the hazardous process as quickly as possible, without creating additional risks,\nwhere necessary, trigger or permit the triggering of certain safeguard movements.\nOnce active operation of the emergency stop device has ceased following a stop command, that command must be sustained by engagement of the emergency stop device until that engagement is specifically overridden; it must not be possible to engage the device without triggering a stop command; it must be possible to disengage the device only by an appropriate operation, and disengaging the device must not restart the machinery but only permit restarting.\nThe emergency stop function must be available and operational at all times, regardless of the operating mode.\nEmergency stop devices must be a back-up to other safeguarding measures and not a substitute for them.\n1.2.4.4.\nAssembly of machinery\nIn the case of machinery or parts of machinery designed to work together, the machinery must be designed and constructed in such a way that the stop controls, including the emergency stop devices, can stop not only the machinery itself but also all related equipment, if its continued operation may be dangerous.\n1.2.5.\nSelection of control or operating modes\nThe control or operating mode selected must override all other control or operating modes, with the exception of the emergency stop.\nIf machinery has been designed and constructed to allow its use in several control or operating modes requiring different protective measures and/or work procedures, it must be fitted with a mode selector which can be locked in each position. Each position of the selector must be clearly identifiable and must correspond to a single operating or control mode.\nThe selector may be replaced by another selection method which restricts the use of certain functions of the machinery to certain categories of operator.\nIf, for certain operations, the machinery must be able to operate with a guard displaced or removed and/or a protective device disabled, the control or operating mode selector must simultaneously:\ndisable all other control or operating modes,\npermit operation of hazardous functions only by control devices requiring sustained action,\npermit the operation of hazardous functions only in reduced risk conditions while preventing hazards from linked sequences,\nprevent any operation of hazardous functions by voluntary or involuntary action on the machine's sensors.\nIf these four conditions cannot be fulfilled simultaneously, the control or operating mode selector must activate other protective measures designed and constructed to ensure a safe intervention zone.\nIn addition, the operator must be able to control operation of the parts which are being worked on from the adjustment point.\n1.2.6.\nFailure of the power supply\nThe interruption, the re-establishment after an interruption or the fluctuation in whatever manner of the power supply to the machinery must not lead to dangerous situations.\nParticular attention must be given to the following points:\nthe machinery must not start unexpectedly,\nthe parameters of the machinery must not change in an uncontrolled way when such change can lead to hazardous situations,\nthe machinery must not be prevented from stopping if the command has already been given,\nno moving part of the machinery or piece held by the machinery must fall or be ejected,\nautomatic or manual stopping of the moving parts, whatever they may be, must be unimpeded,\nthe protective devices must remain fully effective or give a stop command.\n1.3.\nPROTECTION AGAINST MECHANICAL HAZARDS\n1.3.1.\nRisk of loss of stability\nMachinery and its components and fittings must be stable enough to avoid overturning, falling or uncontrolled movements during transportation, assembly, dismantling and any other action involving the machinery.\nIf the shape of the machinery itself or its intended installation does not offer sufficient stability, appropriate means of anchorage must be incorporated and indicated in the instructions.\n1.3.2.\nRisk of break-up during operation\nThe various parts of machinery and their linkages must be able to withstand the stresses to which they are subject when used.\nThe durability of the materials used must be adequate for the nature of the working environment foreseen by the responsible person, in particular as regards the phenomena of fatigue, ageing, corrosion and abrasion.\nThe instructions must indicate the type and frequency of inspections and maintenance required for safety reasons. They must, where appropriate, indicate the parts subject to wear and the criteria for replacement.\nWhere a risk of rupture or disintegration remains despite the measures taken, the parts concerned must be mounted, positioned and/or guarded in such a way that any fragments will be contained, preventing hazardous situations.\nBoth rigid and flexible pipes carrying fluids, particularly those under high pressure, must be able to withstand the foreseen internal and external stresses and must be firmly attached and/or protected to ensure that no risk is posed by a rupture.\nWhere the material to be processed is fed to the tool automatically, the following conditions must be fulfilled to avoid risks to persons:\nwhen the workpiece comes into contact with the tool, the latter must have attained its normal working condition,\nwhen the tool starts and/or stops (intentionally or accidentally), the feed movement and the tool movement must be coordinated.\n1.3.3.\nRisks due to falling or ejected objects\nPrecautions must be taken to prevent risks from falling or ejected objects.\n1.3.4.\nRisks due to surfaces, edges or angles\nInsofar as their purpose allows, accessible parts of the machinery must have no sharp edges, no sharp angles and no rough surfaces likely to cause injury.\n1.3.5.\nRisks related to combined machinery\nWhere the machinery is intended to carry out several different operations with manual removal of the piece between each operation (combined machinery), it must be designed and constructed in such a way as to enable each element to be used separately without the other elements constituting a risk for exposed persons.\nFor this purpose, it must be possible to start and stop separately any elements that are not protected.\n1.3.6.\nRisks related to variations in operating conditions\nWhere the machinery performs operations under different conditions of use, it must be designed and constructed in such a way that selection and adjustment of these conditions can be carried out safely and reliably.\n1.3.7.\nRisks related to moving parts\nThe moving parts of machinery must be designed and constructed in such a way as to prevent risks of contact which could lead to accidents or must, where risks persist, be fitted with guards or protective devices.\nAll necessary steps must be taken to prevent accidental blockage of moving parts involved in the work. In cases where, despite the precautions taken, a blockage is likely to occur, the necessary specific protective devices and tools must, when appropriate, be provided to enable the equipment to be safely unblocked.\nThe instructions and, where possible, a sign on the machinery shall identify these specific protective devices and how they are to be used.\n1.3.8.\nChoice of protection against risks arising from moving parts\nGuards or protective devices designed to protect against risks arising from moving parts must be selected on the basis of the type of risk. The following guidelines must be used to help to make the choice.\n1.3.8.1.\nMoving transmission parts\nGuards designed to protect persons against the hazards generated by moving transmission parts must be:\neither fixed guards as referred to in section 1.4.2.1 of this Annex, or\ninterlocking movable guards as referred to in section 1.4.2.2 of this Annex.\nInterlocking movable guards should be used where frequent access is envisaged.\n1.3.8.2.\nMoving parts involved in the process\nGuards or protective devices designed to protect persons against the hazards generated by moving parts involved in the process must be:\neither fixed guards as referred to in section 1.4.2.1 of this Annex, or\ninterlocking movable guards as referred to in section 1.4.2.2 of this Annex, or\nprotective devices as referred to in section 1.4.3 of this Annex, or\na combination of the above.\nHowever, when certain moving parts directly involved in the process cannot be made completely inaccessible during operation owing to operations requiring operator intervention, such parts must be fitted with:\nfixed guards or interlocking movable guards preventing access to those sections of the parts that are not used in the work, and\nadjustable guards as referred to in section 1.4.2.3 of this Annex restricting access to those sections of the moving parts where access is necessary.\n1.3.9.\nRisks of uncontrolled movements\nWhen a part of the machinery has been stopped, any drift away from the stopping position, for whatever reason other than action on the control devices, must be prevented or must be such that it does not present a hazard.\n1.4.\nREQUIRED CHARACTERISTICS OF GUARDS AND PROTECTIVE DEVICES\n1.4.1.\nGeneral requirements\nGuards and protective devices must:\nbe of robust construction,\nbe securely held in place,\nnot give rise to any additional hazard,\nnot be easy to by-pass or render non-operational,\nbe located at an adequate distance from the danger zone,\ncause minimum obstruction to the view of the production process, and\nenable essential work to be carried out on the installation and/or replacement of tools and for maintenance purposes by restricting access exclusively to the area where the work has to be done, if possible without the guard having to be removed or the protective device having to be disabled.\nIn addition, guards must, where possible, protect against the ejection or falling of materials or objects and against emissions generated by the machinery.\n1.4.2.\nSpecial requirements for guards\n1.4.2.1.\nFixed guards\nFixed guards must be fixed by systems that can be opened or removed only with tools.\nTheir fixing systems must remain attached to the guards or to the machinery when the guards are removed.\nWhere possible, guards must be incapable of remaining in place without their fixings.\n1.4.2.2.\nInterlocking movable guards\nInterlocking movable guards must:\nas far as possible remain attached to the machinery when open,\nbe designed and constructed in such a way that they can be adjusted only by means of an intentional action.\nInterlocking movable guards must be associated with an interlocking device that:\nprevents the start of hazardous machinery functions until they are closed, and\ngives a stop command whenever they are no longer closed.\nWhere it is possible for an operator to reach the danger zone before the risk due to the hazardous machinery functions has ceased, movable guards must be associated with a guard locking device in addition to an interlocking device that:\nprevents the start of hazardous machinery functions until the guard is closed and locked, and\nkeeps the guard closed and locked until the risk of injury from the hazardous machinery functions has ceased.\nInterlocking movable guards must be designed in such a way that the absence or failure of one of their components prevents starting or stops the hazardous machinery functions.\n1.4.2.3.\nAdjustable guards restricting access\nAdjustable guards restricting access to those areas of the moving parts strictly necessary for the work must be:\nadjustable manually or automatically, depending on the type of work involved, and\nreadily adjustable without the use of tools.\n1.4.3.\nSpecial requirements for protective devices\nProtective devices must be designed and incorporated into the control system in such a way that:\nmoving parts cannot start up while they are within the operator's reach,\npersons cannot reach moving parts while the parts are moving, and\nthe absence or failure of one of their components prevents starting or stops the moving parts.\nProtective devices must be adjustable only by means of an intentional action.\n1.5.\nRISKS DUE TO OTHER HAZARDS\n1.5.1.\nElectricity supply\nWhere machinery has an electricity supply, it must be designed, constructed and equipped in such a way that all hazards of an electrical nature are or can be prevented.\nThe safety objectives set out in Directive 2006/95/EC Electrical Equipment (Safety) Regulations 2016 shall apply to machinery. However, the obligations concerning conformity assessment and the placing on the market and/or putting into service of machinery with regard to electrical hazards are governed solely by the Directive these Regulations.\n1.5.2.\nStatic electricity\nMachinery must be designed and constructed to prevent or limit the build-up of potentially dangerous electrostatic charges and/or be fitted with a discharging system.\n1.5.3.\nEnergy supply other than electricity\nWhere machinery is powered by sources of energy other than electricity, it must be so designed, constructed and equipped as to avoid all potential risks associated with such sources of energy.\n1.5.4.\nErrors of fitting\nErrors likely to be made when fitting or refitting certain parts which could be a source of risk must be made impossible by the design and construction of such parts or, failing this, by information given on the parts themselves and/or their housings. The same information must be given on moving parts and/or their housings where the direction of movement needs to be known in order to avoid a risk.\nWhere necessary, the instructions must give further information on these risks.\nWhere a faulty connection can be the source of risk, incorrect connections must be made impossible by design or, failing this, by information given on the elements to be connected and, where appropriate, on the means of connection.\n1.5.5.\nExtreme temperatures\nSteps must be taken to eliminate any risk of injury arising from contact with or proximity to machinery parts or materials at high or very low temperatures.\nThe necessary steps must also be taken to avoid or protect against the risk of hot or very cold material being ejected.\n1.5.6.\nFire\nMachinery must be designed and constructed in such a way as to avoid any risk of fire or overheating posed by the machinery itself or by gases, liquids, dust, vapours or other substances produced or used by the machinery.\n1.5.7.\nExplosion\nMachinery must be designed and constructed in such a way as to avoid any risk of explosion posed by the machinery itself or by gases, liquids, dust, vapours or other substances produced or used by the machinery.\nMachinery must comply, as far as the risk of explosion due to its use in a potentially explosive atmosphere is concerned, with the provisions of the specific EU directives enactments.\n1.5.8.\nNoise\nMachinery must be designed and constructed in such a way that risks resulting from the emission of airborne noise are reduced to the lowest level, taking account of technical progress and the availability of means of reducing noise, in particular at source.\nThe level of noise emission may be assessed with reference to comparative emission data for similar machinery.\n1.5.9.\nVibrations\nMachinery must be designed and constructed in such a way that risks resulting from vibrations produced by the machinery are reduced to the lowest level, taking account of technical progress and the availability of means of reducing vibration, in particular at source.\nThe level of vibration emission may be assessed with reference to comparative emission data for similar machinery.\n1.5.10.\nRadiation\nUndesirable radiation emissions from the machinery must be eliminated or be reduced to levels that do not have adverse effects on persons.\nAny functional ionising radiation emissions must be limited to the lowest level which is sufficient for the proper functioning of the machinery during setting, operation and cleaning. Where a risk exists, the necessary protective measures must be taken.\nAny functional non-ionising radiation emissions during setting, operation and cleaning must be limited to levels that do not have adverse effects on persons.\n1.5.11.\nExternal radiation\nMachinery must be designed and constructed in such a way that external radiation does not interfere with its operation.\n1.5.12.\nLaser radiation\nWhere laser equipment is used, the following should be taken into account:\nlaser equipment on machinery must be designed and constructed in such a way as to prevent any accidental radiation,\nlaser equipment on machinery must be protected in such a way that effective radiation, radiation produced by reflection or diffusion and secondary radiation do not damage health,\noptical equipment for the observation or adjustment of laser equipment on machinery must be such that no health risk is created by laser radiation.\n1.5.13.\nEmissions of hazardous materials and substances\nMachinery must be designed and constructed in such a way that risks of inhalation, ingestion, contact with the skin, eyes and mucous membranes and penetration through the skin of hazardous materials and substances which it produces can be avoided.\nWhere a hazard cannot be eliminated, the machinery must be so equipped that hazardous materials and substances can be contained, evacuated, precipitated by water spraying, filtered or treated by another equally effective method.\nWhere the process is not totally enclosed during normal operation of the machinery, the devices for containment and/or evacuation must be situated in such a way as to have the maximum effect.\n1.5.14.\nRisk of being trapped in a machine\nMachinery must be designed, constructed or fitted with a means of preventing a person from being enclosed within it or, if that is impossible, with a means of summoning help.\n1.5.15.\nRisk of slipping, tripping or falling\nParts of the machinery where persons are liable to move about or stand must be designed and constructed in such a way as to prevent persons slipping, tripping or falling on or off these parts.\nWhere appropriate, these parts must be fitted with handholds that are fixed relative to the users and that enable them to maintain their stability.\n1.5.16.\nLightning\nMachinery in need of protection against the effects of lightning while being used must be fitted with a system for conducting the resultant electrical charge to earth.\n1.6.\nMAINTENANCE\n1.6.1.\nMachinery maintenance\nAdjustment and maintenance points must be located outside danger zones. It must be possible to carry out adjustment, maintenance, repair, cleaning and servicing operations while machinery is at a standstill.\nIf one or more of the above conditions cannot be satisfied for technical reasons, measures must be taken to ensure that these operations can be carried out safely (see section 1.2.5 of this Annex).\nIn the case of automated machinery and, where necessary, other machinery, a connecting device for mounting diagnostic fault-finding equipment must be provided.\nAutomated machinery components which have to be changed frequently must be capable of being removed and replaced easily and safely. Access to the components must enable these tasks to be carried out with the necessary technical means in accordance with a specified operating method.\n1.6.2.\nAccess to operating positions and servicing points\nMachinery must be designed and constructed in such a way as to allow access in safety to all areas where intervention is necessary during operation, adjustment and maintenance of the machinery.\n1.6.3.\nIsolation of energy sources\nMachinery must be fitted with means to isolate it from all energy sources. Such isolators must be clearly identified. They must be capable of being locked if reconnection could endanger persons. Isolators must also be capable of being locked where it is not possible, from any of the points to which the operator has access, to check that the energy is still cut off.\nIn the case of machinery capable of being plugged into an electricity supply, removal of the plug is sufficient, provided that the operator can check from any of the points to which the operator has access that the plug remains removed.\nAfter the energy is cut off, it must be possible to dissipate normally any energy remaining or stored in the circuits of the machinery without risk to persons.\nAs an exception to the requirement laid down in the previous paragraphs, certain circuits may remain connected to their energy sources in order, for example, to hold parts, to protect information, to light interiors, etc. In this case, special steps must be taken to ensure operator safety.\n1.6.4.\nOperator intervention\nMachinery must be so designed, constructed and equipped that the need for operator intervention is limited. If operator intervention cannot be avoided, it must be possible to carry it out easily and safely.\n1.6.5.\nCleaning of internal parts\nThe machinery must be designed and constructed in such a way that it is possible to clean internal parts which have contained dangerous substances or preparations without entering them; any necessary unblocking must also be possible from the outside. If it is impossible to avoid entering the machinery, it must be designed and constructed in such a way as to allow cleaning to take place safely.\n1.7.\nINFORMATION\n1.7.1.\nInformation and warnings on the machinery\nInformation and warnings on the machinery should preferably be provided in the form of readily understandable symbols or pictograms. Any written or verbal information and warnings must be expressed in an official Community language or languages, which may be determined in accordance with the Treaty or the EEA Agreement by the relevant state in which the machinery is placed on the market and/or put into service and may be accompanied, on request, by versions in any other official Community language or languages understood by the operators. Information and warnings on the machinery should preferably be provided in the form of readily understandable symbols or pictograms. Any written or verbal information and warnings must be expressed in English and may be accompanied on request by versions in any other language or languages understood by the operators.\n1.7.1.1.\nInformation and information devices\nThe information needed to control machinery must be provided in a form that is unambiguous and easily understood. It must not be excessive to the extent of overloading the operator.\nVisual display units or any other interactive means of communication between the operator and the machine must be easily understood and easy to use.\n1.7.1.2.\nWarning devices\nWhere the health and safety of persons may be endangered by a fault in the operation of unsupervised machinery, the machinery must be equipped in such a way as to give an appropriate acoustic or light signal as a warning.\nWhere machinery is equipped with warning devices these must be unambiguous and easily perceived. The operator must have facilities to check the operation of such warning devices at all times.\nThe requirements of the specific EU directives enactments concerning colours and safety signals must be complied with.\n1.7.2.\nWarning of residual risks\nWhere risks remain despite the inherent safe design measures, safeguarding and complementary protective measures adopted, the necessary warnings, including warning devices, must be provided.\n1.7.3.\nMarking of machinery\nAll machinery must be marked visibly, legibly and indelibly with the following minimum particulars:\nthe business name and full address of the manufacturer and, where applicable, the manufacturer's authorised representative,\ndesignation of the machinery,\nthe CE UK Marking (see Annex III (Part 3 of this Schedule)),\ndesignation of series or type,\nserial number, if any,\nthe year of construction, that is the year in which the manufacturing process is completed.\nIt is prohibited to pre-date or post-date the machinery when affixing the CE UK marking.\nFurthermore, machinery designed and constructed for use in a potentially explosive atmosphere must be marked accordingly.\nMachinery must also bear full information relevant to its type and essential for safe use. Such information is subject to the requirements set out in section 1.7.1 of this Annex.\nWhere a machine part must be handled during use with lifting equipment, its mass must be indicated legibly, indelibly and unambiguously.\n1.7.4.\nInstructions\nAll machinery must be accompanied by instructions in the official Community language or languages of the relevant state in which it is placed on the market and/or put into service English.\nThe instructions accompanying the machinery must be either “Original instructions” or a “Translation of the original instructions”, in which case the translation must be accompanied by the original instructions.\nBy way of exception, the maintenance instructions intended for use by specialised personnel mandated by the responsible person may be supplied in only one official Community language which the specialised personnel understand.\nThe instructions must be drafted in accordance with the principles set out below.\n1.7.4.1.\nGeneral principles for the drafting of instructions\n(a)\nThe instructions must be drafted in one or more official Community languages English. The words “Original instructions” must appear on the language version(s) verified by the responsible person.\n(b)\nWhere no “Original instructions” exist in the official language(s) of the country where the machinery is to be used English, a translation into that/those language(s) must be provided by the responsible person or by the person bringing the machinery into the language area in question United Kingdom. The translations must bear the words “Translation of the original instructions”.\n(c)\nThe contents of the instructions must cover not only the intended use of the machinery but also take into account any reasonably foreseeable misuse thereof.\n(d)\nIn the case of machinery intended for use by non-professional operators, the wording and layout of the instructions for use must take into account the level of general education and acumen that can reasonably be expected from such operators.\n1.7.4.2.\nContents of the instructions\nEach instruction manual must contain, where applicable, at least the following information:\n(a)\nthe business name and full address of the manufacturer and of the manufacturer's authorised representative;\n(b)\nthe designation of the machinery as marked on the machinery itself, except for the serial number (see section 1.7.3 of this Annex);\n(c)\nthe EC declaration of conformity, or a document setting out the contents of the EC declaration of conformity, showing the particulars of the machinery, not necessarily including the serial number and the signature;\n(d)\na general description of the machinery;\n(e)\nthe drawings, diagrams, descriptions and explanations necessary for the use, maintenance and repair of the machinery and for checking its correct functioning;\n(f)\na description of the workstation(s) likely to be occupied by operators;\n(g)\na description of the intended use of the machinery;\n(h)\nwarnings concerning ways in which the machinery must not be used that experience has shown might occur;\n(i)\nassembly, installation and connection instructions, including drawings, diagrams and the means of attachment and the designation of the chassis or installation on which the machinery is to be mounted;\n(j)\ninstructions relating to installation and assembly for reducing noise or vibration;\n(k)\ninstructions for the putting into service and use of the machinery and, if necessary, instructions for the training of operators;\n(l)\ninformation about the residual risks that remain despite the inherent safe design measures, safeguarding and complementary protective measures adopted;\n(m)\ninstructions on the protective measures to be taken by the user, including, where appropriate, the personal protective equipment to be provided;\n(n)\nthe essential characteristics of tools which may be fitted to the machinery;\n(o)\nthe conditions in which the machinery meets the requirement of stability during use, transportation, assembly, dismantling when out of service, testing or foreseeable breakdowns;\n(p)\ninstructions with a view to ensuring that transport, handling and storage operations can be made safely, giving the mass of the machinery and of its various parts where these are regularly to be transported separately;\n(q)\nthe operating method to be followed in the event of accident or breakdown; if a blockage is likely to occur, the operating method to be followed so as to enable the equipment to be safely unblocked;\n(r)\nthe description of the adjustment and maintenance operations that should be carried out by the user and the preventive maintenance measures that should be observed;\n(s)\ninstructions designed to enable adjustment and maintenance to be carried out safely, including the protective measures that should be taken during these operations;\n(t)\nthe specifications of the spare parts to be used, when these affect the health and safety of operators;\n(u)\nthe following information on airborne noise emissions:\nthe A-weighted emission sound pressure level at workstations, where this exceeds 70 dB(A); where this level does not exceed 70 dB(A), this fact must be indicated,\nthe peak C-weighted instantaneous sound pressure value at workstations, where this exceeds 63 Pa (130 dB in relation to 20 μPa),\nthe A-weighted sound power level emitted by the machinery, where the A-weighted emission sound pressure level at workstations exceeds 80 dB(A).\nThese values must be either those actually measured for the machinery in question or those established on the basis of measurements taken for technically comparable machinery which is representative of the machinery to be produced.\nIn the case of very large machinery, instead of the A-weighted sound power level, the A-weighted emission sound pressure levels at specified positions around the machinery may be indicated.\nWhere the harmonised designated standards are not applied, sound levels must be measured using the most appropriate method for the machinery. Whenever sound emission values are indicated the uncertainties surrounding these values must be specified. The operating conditions of the machinery during measurement and the measuring methods used must be described.\nWhere the workstation(s) are undefined or cannot be defined, A-weighted sound pressure levels must be measured at a distance of 1 metre from the surface of the machinery and at a height of 1.6 metres from the floor or access platform. The position and value of the maximum sound pressure must be indicated.\nWhere specific EU directives enactments lay down other requirements for the measurement of sound pressure levels or sound power levels, the provisions of those EU directives enactments must be applied and the corresponding provisions of this section shall not apply;\n(v)\nwhere machinery is likely to emit non-ionising radiation which may cause harm to persons, in particular persons with active or non-active implantable medical devices, information concerning the radiation emitted for the operator and exposed persons.\n1.7.4.3.\nSales literature\nSales literature describing the machinery must not contradict the instructions as regards health and safety aspects. Sales literature describing the performance characteristics of machinery must contain the same information on emissions as is contained in the instructions.",
  "extent": null,
  "status": null,
  "version": "current",
  "annotations": [
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F1",
      "text": "Words in Sch. 2 Pt. 1 substituted (E.W.S.) (31.12.2020) by The Product Safety and Metrology etc. (Amendment etc.) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/696), reg. 1, Sch. 12 para. 23(3)(a) (with Sch. 12 para. 22) (as amended by S.I. 2020/676, regs. 1(1), 2); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)"
    },
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F2",
      "text": "Words in Sch. 2 Pt. 1 substituted (E.W.S.) (31.12.2020) by The Product Safety and Metrology etc. (Amendment etc.) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/696), reg. 1, Sch. 12 para. 23(3)(b) (with Sch. 12 para. 22) (as amended by S.I. 2020/676, regs. 1(1), 2); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)"
    },
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F3",
      "text": "Words in Sch. 2 Pt. 1 substituted (22.4.2011) by The Treaty of Lisbon (Changes in Terminology) Order 2011 (S.I. 2011/1043), art. 2, Sch. 1 para. 10(4) (with art. 3)"
    },
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F4",
      "text": "Word in Sch. 2 Pt. 1 substituted (E.W.S.) (31.12.2020) by The Product Safety and Metrology etc. (Amendment etc.) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/696), reg. 1, Sch. 12 para. 23(4) (with Sch. 12 para. 22) (as amended by S.I. 2020/676, regs. 1(1), 2); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)"
    },
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F5",
      "text": "Words in Sch. 2 Pt. 1 substituted (E.W.S.) (31.12.2020) by The Product Safety and Metrology etc. (Amendment etc.) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/696), reg. 1, Sch. 12 para. 23(5) (with Sch. 12 para. 22) (as amended by S.I. 2020/676, regs. 1(1), 2); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)"
    },
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F6",
      "text": "Words in Sch. 2 Pt. 1 substituted (N.I.) (31.12.2020) by The Product Safety and Metrology etc. (Amendment) (Northern Ireland) (EU Exit) Regulations 2020 (S.I. 2020/1112), reg. 1(b), Sch. 4 para. 7(a)"
    },
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F7",
      "text": "Word in Sch. 2 Pt. 1 substituted (E.W.S.) (31.12.2020) by The Product Safety and Metrology etc. (Amendment etc.) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/696), reg. 1, Sch. 12 para. 23(6) (with Sch. 12 para. 22) (as amended by S.I. 2020/676, regs. 1(1), 2); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)"
    },
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F8",
      "text": "Word in Sch. 2 Pt. 1 substituted (E.W.S.) (31.12.2020) by The Product Safety and Metrology etc. (Amendment etc.) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/696), reg. 1, Sch. 12 para. 23(7) (with Sch. 12 para. 22) (as amended by S.I. 2020/676, regs. 1(1), 2); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)"
    },
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F9",
      "text": "Word in Sch. 2 Pt. 1 substituted (E.W.S.) (31.12.2020) by The Product Safety and Metrology etc. (Amendment etc.) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/696), reg. 1, Sch. 12 para. 23(8)(a) (with Sch. 12 para. 22) (as amended by S.I. 2020/676, regs. 1(1), 2); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)"
    },
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F10",
      "text": "Words in Sch. 2 Pt. 2 substituted (N.I.) (31.12.2020) by The Product Safety and Metrology etc. (Amendment) (Northern Ireland) (EU Exit) Regulations 2020 (S.I. 2020/1112), reg. 1(b), Sch. 4 para. 7(b)"
    },
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F11",
      "text": "Words in Sch. 2 Pt. 1 omitted (E.W.S.) (31.12.2020) by virtue of The Product Safety and Metrology etc. (Amendment etc.) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/696), reg. 1, Sch. 12 para. 23(8)(b) (with Sch. 12 para. 22) (as amended by S.I. 2020/676, regs. 1(1), 2); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)"
    },
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F12",
      "text": "Word in Sch. 2 Pt. 1 substituted (E.W.S.) (31.12.2020) by The Product Safety and Metrology etc. (Amendment etc.) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/696), reg. 1, Sch. 12 para. 23(9)(a) (with Sch. 12 para. 22) (as amended by S.I. 2020/676, regs. 1(1), 2); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)"
    },
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F13",
      "text": "Word in Sch. 2 Pt. 1 substituted (E.W.S.) (31.12.2020) by The Product Safety and Metrology etc. (Amendment etc.) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/696), reg. 1, Sch. 12 para. 23(9)(b)(i) (with Sch. 12 para. 22) (as amended by S.I. 2020/676, regs. 1(1), 2); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)"
    },
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F14",
      "text": "Words in Sch. 2 Pt. 1 omitted (E.W.S.) (31.12.2020) by virtue of The Product Safety and Metrology etc. (Amendment etc.) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/696), reg. 1, Sch. 12 para. 23(9)(b)(ii) (with Sch. 12 para. 22) (as amended by S.I. 2020/676, regs. 1(1), 2); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)"
    },
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F15",
      "text": "Words in Sch. 2 Pt. 1 substituted (E.W.S.) (31.12.2020) by The Product Safety and Metrology etc. (Amendment etc.) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/696), reg. 1, Sch. 12 para. 23(9)(b)(iii) (with Sch. 12 para. 22) (as amended by S.I. 2020/676, regs. 1(1), 2); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)"
    },
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F16",
      "text": "Word in Sch. 2 Pt. 1 omitted (E.W.S.) (31.12.2020) by virtue of The Product Safety and Metrology etc. (Amendment etc.) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/696), reg. 1, Sch. 12 para. 23(10)(a) (with Sch. 12 para. 22) (as amended by S.I. 2020/676, regs. 1(1), 2); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)"
    },
    {
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      "label": "F17",
      "text": "Word in Sch. 2 Pt. 1 substituted (E.W.S.) (31.12.2020) by The Product Safety and Metrology etc. (Amendment etc.) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/696), reg. 1, Sch. 12 para. 23(10)(b)(i) (with Sch. 12 para. 22) (as amended by S.I. 2020/676, regs. 1(1), 2); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)"
    },
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F18",
      "text": "Word in Sch. 2 Pt. 1 substituted (E.W.S.) (31.12.2020) by The Product Safety and Metrology etc. (Amendment etc.) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/696), reg. 1, Sch. 12 para. 23(10)(b)(ii) (with Sch. 12 para. 22) (as amended by S.I. 2020/676, regs. 1(1), 2); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)"
    }
  ],
  "outstanding_effects": [],
  "provenance": {
    "source": "legislation.gov.uk",
    "source_url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2008/1597/schedule/2/part/1/chapter/2",
    "retrieved_at": "2026-10-29T03:29:27.122747+00:00"
  },
  "licence": "Open Government Licence v3.0",
  "licence_url": "https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/",
  "attribution": "Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Source: legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives."
}