{
  "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/trade-union-act-2016",
  "json_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/trade-union-act-2016.json",
  "id": "ukpga/2016/15",
  "title": "Trade Union Act 2016",
  "long_title": "An Act to make provision about industrial action, trade unions, employers' associations and the functions of the Certification Officer.",
  "citation": "2016 c. 15",
  "type": "ukpga",
  "year": "2016",
  "number": "15",
  "version": "current",
  "date": "2016-05-04",
  "revised": true,
  "valid_from": "2026-04-01",
  "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
  "unapplied_effects": 3,
  "provisions": [
    {
      "path": "introduction",
      "kind": "introduction",
      "number": null,
      "heading": "Introductory text",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/trade-union-act-2016/introduction",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "crossheading/introduction",
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      "heading": "Introduction",
      "url": null,
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "section/1",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "1",
      "heading": "Meaning of “the 1992 Act”",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/trade-union-act-2016/section-1",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "crossheading/introduction"
    },
    {
      "path": "crossheading/ballot-thresholds-for-industrial-action",
      "kind": "crossheading",
      "number": null,
      "heading": "Ballot thresholds for industrial action",
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      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "section/2",
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      "heading": "Ballots: 50% turnout requirement",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/trade-union-act-2016/section-2",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "crossheading/ballot-thresholds-for-industrial-action"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/3",
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      "number": "3",
      "heading": "Ballots: 40% support requirement in important public services",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/trade-union-act-2016/section-3",
      "extent": null,
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "crossheading/ballot-thresholds-for-industrial-action"
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      "path": "crossheading/electronic-balloting",
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      "heading": "Electronic balloting",
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      "parent": null
    },
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      "heading": "Provision for electronic balloting: review and piloting scheme",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/trade-union-act-2016/section-4",
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      "status": "repealed",
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      "path": "crossheading/information-requirements-relating-to-industrial-action",
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      "heading": "Information requirements relating to industrial action",
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      "extent": null,
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    },
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      "path": "section/5",
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      "heading": "Information to be included on voting paper",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/trade-union-act-2016/section-5",
      "extent": null,
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "crossheading/information-requirements-relating-to-industrial-action"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/6",
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      "heading": "Information to members etc about result of ballot",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/trade-union-act-2016/section-6",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "crossheading/information-requirements-relating-to-industrial-action"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/7",
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      "heading": "Information to Certification Officer about industrial action etc",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/trade-union-act-2016/section-7",
      "extent": null,
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "crossheading/information-requirements-relating-to-industrial-action"
    },
    {
      "path": "crossheading/timing-and-duration-of-industrial-action",
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      "heading": "Timing and duration of industrial action",
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    },
    {
      "path": "section/8",
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      "heading": "Two weeks' notice to be given to employers of industrial action",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/trade-union-act-2016/section-8",
      "extent": null,
      "status": "repealed",
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      "path": "section/9",
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      "heading": "Expiry of mandate for industrial action",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/trade-union-act-2016/section-9",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "crossheading/timing-and-duration-of-industrial-action"
    },
    {
      "path": "crossheading/picketing",
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      "number": null,
      "heading": "Picketing",
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      "parent": null
    },
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      "path": "section/10",
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      "heading": "Union supervision of picketing",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/trade-union-act-2016/section-10",
      "extent": null,
      "status": "repealed",
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    },
    {
      "path": "crossheading/application-of-funds-for-political-objects",
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      "number": null,
      "heading": "Application of funds for political objects",
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      "extent": null,
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    },
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      "heading": "Opting in by union members to contribute to political funds",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/trade-union-act-2016/section-11",
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    },
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      "extent": null,
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "crossheading/application-of-funds-for-political-objects"
    },
    {
      "path": "crossheading/facility-time-and-checkoff",
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      "number": null,
      "heading": "Facility time and check-off",
      "url": null,
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    },
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      "path": "section/13",
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      "heading": "Publication requirements",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/trade-union-act-2016/section-13",
      "extent": null,
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "crossheading/facility-time-and-checkoff"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/14",
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      "number": "14",
      "heading": "Reserve powers",
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    },
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      "heading": "Restriction on deduction of union subscriptions from wages in public sector",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/trade-union-act-2016/section-15",
      "extent": null,
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "crossheading/facility-time-and-checkoff"
    },
    {
      "path": "crossheading/certification-officer",
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      "heading": "Certification Officer",
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    },
    {
      "path": "section/16",
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      "heading": "Certification Officer not subject to ministerial direction",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/trade-union-act-2016/section-16",
      "extent": null,
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      "parent": "crossheading/certification-officer"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/17",
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      "heading": "Investigatory powers etc",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/trade-union-act-2016/section-17",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
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    },
    {
      "path": "section/18",
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      "heading": "Enforcement by Certification Officer of new annual return requirements",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/trade-union-act-2016/section-18",
      "extent": null,
      "status": "repealed",
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    },
    {
      "path": "section/19",
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      "number": "19",
      "heading": "Further powers of Certification Officer where enforcement order made",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/trade-union-act-2016/section-19",
      "extent": null,
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      "parent": "crossheading/certification-officer"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/20",
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      "number": "20",
      "heading": "Power to impose levy",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/trade-union-act-2016/section-20",
      "extent": null,
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "crossheading/certification-officer"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/21",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "21",
      "heading": "Rights of appeal not limited to questions of law",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/trade-union-act-2016/section-21",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "crossheading/certification-officer"
    },
    {
      "path": "crossheading/general",
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      "heading": "General",
      "url": null,
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "section/22",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "22",
      "heading": "Minor and consequential amendments",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/trade-union-act-2016/section-22",
      "extent": null,
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    },
    {
      "path": "section/23",
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      "heading": "Financial provision",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/trade-union-act-2016/section-23",
      "extent": null,
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    },
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      "heading": "Extent",
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      "heading": "Commencement",
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      "heading": "Short title",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/trade-union-act-2016/section-26",
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      "path": "schedule/1",
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      "path": "schedule/2",
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