{
  "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/trade-union-and-labour-relations-consolidation-act-1992/schedule-A1/paragraph-162",
  "json_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/trade-union-and-labour-relations-consolidation-act-1992/schedule-A1/paragraph-162.json",
  "legislation": "ukpga/1992/52",
  "legislation_title": "Trade Union and Labour Relations (Consolidation) Act 1992",
  "legislation_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/trade-union-and-labour-relations-consolidation-act-1992",
  "path": "schedule/A1/paragraph/162",
  "kind": "paragraph",
  "number": "162",
  "heading": null,
  "text": "For the purposes of Part X of the Employment Rights Act 1996 (unfair dismissal) the dismissal of an employee shall be regarded as unfair if the reason or principal reason for the dismissal was that he was redundant but it is shown—\n(a) that the circumstances constituting the redundancy applied equally to one or more other employees in the same undertaking who held positions similar to that held by him and who have not been dismissed by the employer, and\n(b) that the reason (or, if more than one, the principal reason) why he was selected for dismissal was one falling within paragraph 161(2).",
  "extent": null,
  "status": null,
  "version": "current",
  "annotations": [
    {
      "type": "C",
      "label": "C1",
      "text": "Sch. A1 para. 162 modified (6.6.2000) by S.I. 2000/1338, art. 3(1)(b)Sch. A1 paras. 161-165 applied (with modifications) (14.8.2000) by S.I. 2000/1828, art. 2(6)"
    }
  ],
  "outstanding_effects": [
    {
      "type": "repealed",
      "affecting": "ukpga/1999/26",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Relations Act 1999"
    },
    {
      "type": "inserted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "inserted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "inserted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "inserted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "inserted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "inserted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "words inserted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "inserted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "inserted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "words inserted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "word inserted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "inserted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "words inserted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "inserted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "words inserted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "inserted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "word omitted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "omitted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "word substituted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "omitted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "word substituted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "words omitted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "inserted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "omitted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "omitted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "omitted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "omitted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "inserted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "omitted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "inserted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "substituted for Sch. A1 para. 29(1)(1A)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "inserted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "words omitted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "inserted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "word inserted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "words omitted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "inserted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "inserted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "words omitted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "inserted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "word inserted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "words omitted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "inserted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "words inserted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "inserted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "words inserted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "inserted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "words inserted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "inserted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "words inserted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "word omitted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "inserted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "word omitted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "omitted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "word substituted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "word substituted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "word substituted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "inserted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "omitted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "omitted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "omitted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "inserted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "inserted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "omitted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "words inserted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "inserted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "substituted for Sch. A1 para. 121(1)(1A)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "words inserted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    },
    {
      "type": "inserted",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2025/36",
      "affecting_title": "Employment Rights Act 2025"
    }
  ],
  "provenance": {
    "source": "legislation.gov.uk",
    "source_url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1992/52/schedule/A1/paragraph/162",
    "retrieved_at": "2026-10-29T09:35:34.194369+00:00"
  },
  "licence": "Open Government Licence v3.0",
  "licence_url": "https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/",
  "attribution": "Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Source: legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives."
}