{
  "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/transport-and-works-act-1992/section-31",
  "json_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/transport-and-works-act-1992/section-31.json",
  "legislation": "ukpga/1992/42",
  "legislation_title": "Transport and Works Act 1992",
  "legislation_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/transport-and-works-act-1992",
  "path": "section/31",
  "kind": "section",
  "number": "31",
  "heading": "Provision of specimens for analysis.",
  "text": "(1) In the course of an investigation into whether a person has committed an offence under section 27 above, a constable may require him—\n(a) to provide two specimens of breath for analysis by means of a device of a type approved by the Secretary of State, or\n(b) to provide a specimen of blood or urine for a laboratory test.\n(2) A constable may make a requirement under this section to provide specimens of breath only if—\n(a) the requirement is made at a police station or a hospital, or\n(b) the constable is in uniform.\n(3) A requirement under this section to provide a specimen of blood or urine shall only be made at a police station or at a hospital; and it shall not be made at a police station unless subsection (4) below applies.\n(4) This subsection applies if—\n(a) the constable making the requirement has reasonable cause to believe that for medical reasons a specimen of breath cannot be provided or should not be required,\n(b) at the time the requirement is made, either a device (or reliable device) of the type mentioned in subsection (1)(a) above is not available at the police station or it is for any other reason not practicable to use such a device there, . . .\n(bb) a device of the type mentioned in subsection (1)(a) above has been used at the police station but the constable who required the specimens of breath has reasonable cause to believe that the device has not produced a reliable indication of the proportion of alcohol in the breath of the person concerned, or\n(c) the suspected offence is one under section 27(1) above and the constable making the requirement has been advised by a medical practitioner or a registered health care professional that the condition of the person required to provide the specimen might be due to a drug.\n(5) A person may be required to provide a specimen of blood or urine in pursuance of this section notwithstanding that he has already provided or been required to provide two specimens of breath.\n(6) If the provision of a specimen other than a specimen of breath may be required in pursuance of this section, the question whether it is to be a specimen of blood or a specimen of urine and, in the case of a specimen of blood, the question who is to be asked to take it shall be decided (subject to subsection (6A)) by the constable making the requirement .\n(6A) Where a constable decides for the purposes of subsection (6) to require the provision of a specimen of blood, there shall be no requirement to provide such a specimen if—\n(a) the medical practitioner who is asked to take the specimen is of the opinion that, for medical reasons, it cannot or should not be taken; or\n(b) the registered health care professional who is asked to take it is of that opinion and there is no contrary opinion from a medical practitioner,\nand, where by virtue of this subsection there can be no requirement to provide a specimen of blood, the constable may require a specimen of urine instead.\n(7) A specimen of urine shall be provided within one hour of the requirement for its provision being made and after the provision of a previous specimen of urine.\n(7A) A constable may arrest a person without warrant if—\n(a) the person fails to provide a specimen of breath when required to do so in pursuance of this section, and\n(b) the constable reasonably suspects that the person has alcohol in his body.\n(8) A person who, without reasonable excuse, fails to provide a specimen when required to do so in pursuance of this section shall be guilty of an offence.\n(9) A constable shall, on requiring a person to provide a specimen in pursuance of this section, warn him that a failure to provide it may render him liable to prosecution.\n(9A) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .\n(9B) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .\n(9C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .",
  "extent": "E+W+S",
  "status": null,
  "version": "current",
  "annotations": [
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F1",
      "text": "S. 31(2) substituted (10.4.2015) by Deregulation Act 2015 (c. 20), s. 115(7), Sch. 11 para. 4(2); S.I. 2015/994, art. 4"
    },
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F2",
      "text": "Word in s. 31(4)(b) repealed (4.7.1996) (but with effect (1.4.1997) as mentioned in s. 63(3)) by 1996 c. 25, ss. 63(2)(3), 80, Sch. 5 para. 2 Table 5 (with s. 78(1)); S.I. 1997/682, art. 2"
    },
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F3",
      "text": "S. 31(4)(bb) inserted (4.7.1996) (but with effect (1.4.1997) as mentioned in s. 63(3)) by 1996 c. 25, ss. 63(2)(3) (with s. 78(1)); S.I. 1997/682, art. 2"
    },
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F4",
      "text": "Words in s. 31(4)(c) inserted (10.4.2015) by Deregulation Act 2015 (c. 20), s. 115(7), Sch. 11 para. 6(a); S.I. 2015/994, art. 4"
    },
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F5",
      "text": "Words in s. 31(6) substituted (1.4.2003) by Police Reform Act 2002 (c. 30), ss. 58(1), 108(2); S.I. 2003/808, art. 2(e)"
    },
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F6",
      "text": "S. 31(6A) inserted (1.4.2003) by Police Reform Act 2002 (c. 30), ss. 58(2), 108(2); S.I. 2003/808, art. 2(e)"
    },
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F7",
      "text": "S. 31(7A) inserted (10.4.2015) by Deregulation Act 2015 (c. 20), s. 115(7), Sch. 11 para. 4(3); S.I. 2015/994, art. 4"
    },
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F8",
      "text": "S. 31(9A) omitted (10.4.2015) by virtue of Deregulation Act 2015 (c. 20), s. 115(7), Sch. 11 para. 6(b); S.I. 2015/994, art. 4"
    },
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F9",
      "text": "S. 31(9B) omitted (10.4.2015) by virtue of Deregulation Act 2015 (c. 20), s. 115(7), Sch. 11 para. 6(b); S.I. 2015/994, art. 4"
    },
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F10",
      "text": "S. 31(9C) omitted (10.4.2015) by virtue of Deregulation Act 2015 (c. 20), s. 115(7), Sch. 11 para. 6(b); S.I. 2015/994, art. 4"
    },
    {
      "type": "I",
      "label": "I1",
      "text": "Pt. II Ch. 1 (ss. 26-40) wholly in force at 7. 12. 1992 see s. 70 and S.I. 1992/2043, art. 2(a)."
    }
  ],
  "outstanding_effects": [],
  "provenance": {
    "source": "legislation.gov.uk",
    "source_url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1992/42/section/31",
    "retrieved_at": "2026-10-29T09:35:42.977920+00:00"
  },
  "licence": "Open Government Licence v3.0",
  "licence_url": "https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/",
  "attribution": "Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Source: legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives."
}