{
  "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/wildlife-and-countryside-act-1981/schedule-9/part-I",
  "json_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/wildlife-and-countryside-act-1981/schedule-9/part-I.json",
  "legislation": "ukpga/1981/69",
  "legislation_title": "Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981",
  "legislation_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/wildlife-and-countryside-act-1981",
  "path": "schedule/9/part/I",
  "kind": "part",
  "number": "I",
  "heading": "NON-NATIVE Animals which are established in the wild",
  "text": "Common name\nScientific name\nBass, Large-mouthed Black\nMicropterus salmoides\nBass, Rock\nAmbloplites rupestris\nBitterling\nRhodeus sericeus\nBoar, Wild\nSus scrofa\n. . .\n. . .\nCapercaillie\nTetrao urogallus\nChough\nPyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax\nCorncrake\nCrex crex\n. . .\n. . .\nCrab, Chinese Mitten\nEriocheir sinensis\nCrayfish, Noble\nAstacus astacus\nCrane, Common\nGrus grus\nCrayfish, Red Swamp\nProcambarus clarkii\nCrayfish, Signal\nPacifastacus leniusculus\nCrayfish, Spiny-cheek\nOrconectes limosus\nCrayfish, Turkish\nAstacus leptodactylus\nDeer, Chinese Water\nHydropotes inermis\nDeer, Muntjac\nMuntiacus reevesi\nDeer, Sika\nCervus nippon\nDeer, any hybrid one of whose parents or other lineal ancestor was a Sika Deer\nAny hybrid of Cervus nippon\n. . .\n. . .\n. . .\n. . .\nDormouse, Fat\nGlis glis\nDuck, Carolina Wood\nAix sponsa\nDuck, Mandarin\nAix galericulata\nDuck, Ruddy\nOxyura jamaicensis\nEagle, White-tailed\nHaliaetus albicilla\nFlatworm\nKontikia andersoni\nFlatworm\nKontikia ventrolineata\nFlatworm, Australian\nAustraloplana sanguinea\n. . .\n. . .\nFrog, Edible\nRana esculenta\nFrog, European Tree (otherwise known as Common tree frog)\nHyla arborea\nFrog, Marsh\nRana ridibunda\n. . .\n. . .\nGoose, Bar-headed\nAnser indicus\nGoose, Barnacle\nBranta leucopsis\nGoose, Canada\nBranta canadensis\nGoose, Egyptian\nAlopochen aegyptiacus\nGoose, Emperor\nAnser canagicus\nGoose, Snow\nAnser caerulescens\nGoshawk\nAccipiter gentilis\nHeron, Night\nNycticorax nycticorax\nKite, Red\nMilvus milvus\nLimpet, Slipper\nCrepidula fornicata\nLizard, Common Wall\nPodarcis muralis\nMarmot, Prairie (otherwise known as Prairie dog)\nCynomys\nMink, American\nMustela vison\nNewt, Alpine\nTriturus alpestris\nNewt, Italian Crested\nTriturus carnifex\nOwl, Barn\nTyto alba\nOwl, Eagle\nBubo bubo\nOyster Drill, American\nUrosalpinx cinerea\nParakeet, Monk\nMyiopsitta monachus\nParakeet, Ring-necked\nPsittacula krameri\nPartridge, Chukar\nAlectoris chukar\nPartridge, Rock\nAlectoris graeca\nPheasant, Golden\nChrysolophus pictus\nPheasant, Lady Amherst’s\nChrysolophus amherstiae\nPheasant, Reeves’\nSyrmaticus reevesii\nPheasant, Silver\nLophura nycthemera\nPochard, Red-crested\nNetta rufina\n. . .\n. . .\n. . .\n. . .\n. . .\n. . .\n. . .\n. . .\nRat, Black\nRattus rattus\nShelduck, Ruddy\nTadorna ferruginea\nSnake, Aesculapian\nElaphe longissima\nSquirrel, Grey\nSciurus carolinensis\nSwan, Black\nCygnus atratus.\nTerrapin, European Pond\nEmys orbicularis\nToad, African Clawed\nXenopus laevis\nToad, Midwife\nAlytes obstetricans\nToad, Yellow-bellied\nBombina variegata\nWallaby, Red-necked\nMacropus rufogriseus\nWels (otherwise known as European catfish)\nSilurus glanis\nZander\nStizostedion lucioperca\nWith respect to any area in England which on 31st May 2021— (a)is a European site within the meaning of regulation 8 of the Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2017, or\n(b)is within 500 metres of the boundary of a site described in paragraph (a)—\n(i)Partridge, Red-legged\n(ii)Pheasant, Common\n(i)Alectoris rufa\n(ii)Phasianus colchicus",
  "extent": "E+W+S",
  "status": null,
  "version": "current",
  "annotations": [
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F1",
      "text": "Sch. 9 repealed (S.) (2.7.2012) by Wildlife and Natural Environment (Scotland) Act 2011 (asp 6), ss. 17(8), 43(1) (with s. 41(1)); S.S.I. 2012/175, art. 2(1)(c)"
    },
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F2",
      "text": "Words in Sch. 9 Pt. 1 heading inserted (E.W.) (5.3.2015 for E.) by Infrastructure Act 2015 (c. 7), ss. 24(2), 57(4); S.I. 2015/481, reg. 2(b)"
    },
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F3",
      "text": "Entries in Sch. 9 Pt. 1 added (E.W.) (6.4.2010) by The Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (Variation of Schedule 9) (England and Wales) Order 2010 (S.I. 2010/609), art. 2(2)"
    },
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F4",
      "text": "Entries in Sch. 9 Pt. 1 omitted (E.W.) (5.3.2015 for E.) by virtue of Infrastructure Act 2015 (c. 7), ss. 24(3), 57(4); S.I. 2015/481, reg. 2(b)"
    },
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F5",
      "text": "Entries in Sch. 9 Pt. 1 removed (E.W.) (6.4.2010) by virtue of The Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (Variation of Schedule 9) (England and Wales) Order 2010 (S.I. 2010/609), art. 2(3)"
    },
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F6",
      "text": "Words in Sch. 9 Pt. 1 omitted (E.W.) (1.12.2019) by virtue of The Invasive Alien Species (Enforcement and Permitting) Order 2019 (S.I. 2019/527), art. 1(1), Sch. 4 para. 1(3)(a) (with art. 1(2)(4)) (as amended by S.I. 2019/1213, regs. 1, 2(2))"
    },
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F7",
      "text": "Entries in Sch. 9 Pt. 1 added (17.3.1992) by S.I. 1992/320, art. 2."
    },
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F8",
      "text": "Entry in Sch. 9 Pt. 1 added (5.3.1997) by S.I. 1997/226, art. 2"
    },
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F9",
      "text": "Entries in Sch. 9 Pt. 1 added (28.4.1999) by S.I. 1999/1002, art. 2"
    },
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F10",
      "text": "Words in Sch. 9 Pt. 1 omitted (E.) (4.5.2021) by virtue of The Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (Variation of Schedule 9) (England) Order 2021 (S.I. 2021/236), arts. 1(b), 2(2); and words in Sch. 9 Pt. 1 omitted (W.) (10.9.2025) by virtue of Legislation (Procedure, Publication and Repeals) (Wales) Act 2025 (asc 3), s. 9(2)(d), Sch. 1 para. 53(a)(i)"
    },
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F11",
      "text": "Entry in Sch. 9 Pt. 1 added (25.11.1992) by S.I. 1992/2674, art. 2."
    },
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F12",
      "text": "Words in Sch. 9 Pt. 1 omitted (E.) (4.5.2021) by virtue of The Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (Variation of Schedule 9) (England) Order 2021 (S.I. 2021/236), arts. 1(b), 2(2); and words in Sch. 9 Pt. 1 omitted (W.) (10.9.2025) by virtue of Legislation (Procedure, Publication and Repeals) (Wales) Act 2025 (asc 3), s. 9(2)(d), Sch. 1 para. 53(a)(ii)"
    },
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F13",
      "text": "Words in Sch. 9 Pt. 1 inserted (31.5.2021) by The Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (Variation of Schedule 9) (England) (No. 2) Order 2021 (S.I. 2021/548), arts. 1(1), 2(2) (with art. 4) (which expiring provision is revoked (31.1.2025) by S.I. 2024/1342, arts. 1(1), 2(2))"
    }
  ],
  "outstanding_effects": [],
  "provenance": {
    "source": "legislation.gov.uk",
    "source_url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1981/69/schedule/9/part/I",
    "retrieved_at": "2026-10-31T10:30:49.503545+00:00"
  },
  "licence": "Open Government Licence v3.0",
  "licence_url": "https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/",
  "attribution": "Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Source: legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives."
}