Rule 52.21 Hearing of appealsF1

(1)

Every appeal will be limited to a review of the decision of the lower court unless—

(a)

a practice direction makes different provision for a particular category of appeal; or

(b)

the court considers that in the circumstances of an individual appeal it would be in the interests of justice to hold a re-hearing.

(2)

Unless it orders otherwise, the appeal court will not receive—

(a)

oral evidence; or

(b)

evidence which was not before the lower court.

(3)

The appeal court will allow an appeal where the decision of the lower court was—

(a)

wrong; or

(b)

unjust because of a serious procedural or other irregularity in the proceedings in the lower court.

(4)

The appeal court may draw any inference of fact which it considers justified on the evidence.

(5)

At the hearing of the appeal, a party may not rely on a matter not contained in that party’s appeal notice unless the court gives permission.

Annotations

F1: Pt. 52 substituted (3.10.2016) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment No. 3) Rules 2016 (S.I. 2016/788), rule 2, Sch. (with rule 16)

F2: Words in Pt. 52 Table of Contents inserted (1.10.2023 immediately after S.I. 2023/572 comes into force) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment No. 3) Rules 2023 (S.I. 2023/788), rules 1(1), 24(1)(a)
F3: Words in Pt. 52 Table of Contents inserted (1.10.2024) by virtue of The Civil Procedure (Amendment No. 3) Rules 2024 (S.I. 2024/839), rules 1(1), 13(1)
F4: Words in Pt. 52 Table of Contents inserted (1.10.2023 immediately after S.I. 2023/572 comes into force) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment No. 3) Rules 2023 (S.I. 2023/788), rules 1(1), 24(1)(b)
F5: Words in Pt. 52 Table of Contents inserted (1.10.2023 immediately after S.I. 2023/572 comes into force) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment No. 3) Rules 2023 (S.I. 2023/788), rules 1(1), 24(1)(c)

C1: Pt. 52 applied (6.4.2017) by The Insolvency (England and Wales) Rules 2016 (S.I. 2016/1024), rules 1, 12.58 (with rule 3(3), Sch. 2)
C2: Pt. 52 applied (5.7.2018) by The Housing Administration (England and Wales) Rules 2018 (S.I. 2018/719), rules 1.1, 4.40 (with rule 1.2)
C3: Pt. 52 applied (31.1.2019) by The Education Administration Rules 2018 (S.I. 2018/1135), rules 1, 4.37 (with rule 1.2)
C4: Pt. 52 applied (1.8.2020) by The Smart Meter Communication Licensee Administration (England and Wales) Rules 2020 (S.I. 2020/629), rules 1, 133(3) (with rule 4(1))
C5: Pt. 52 applied (with modifications) (12.11.2021) by The Payment and Electronic Money Institution Insolvency (England and Wales) Rules 2021 (S.I. 2021/1178), rules 2, 187, 236-239 (with rule 5)
C6: Pt. 52 applied (18.7.2023) by The Relevant Licensee Nuclear Company Administration (England and Wales) Rules 2023 (S.I. 2023/712), rules 1(2)(a), 129(3) (with rule 2)
C7: Pt. 52 applied (19.11.2025) by The Carbon Dioxide Transport and Storage (Licensed Operators) Administration (England and Wales) Rules 2025 (S.I. 2025/1135), rules 1(2)(a), 129(3) (with rule 2(1))