Section 155 Penalty noticesI1I2
If the F1Commission is satisfied that a person—
has failed to comply with a duty imposed on the person by section 146A(6).
the Commission may, by written notice (a “penalty notice”), require the person to pay to the Commission an amount in sterling specified in the notice.
Subject to subsection (4), when deciding whether to give a penalty notice to a person and determining the amount of the penalty, the Commission must have regard to the following, so far as relevant—
to the extent that the notice concerns a matter to which the F6UK GDPR applies, the matters listed in Article 83(1) and (2) of the UK GDPR;
to the extent that the notice concerns another matter, the matters listed in subsection (3).
Those matters are—
the nature, gravity and duration of the failure;
the intentional or negligent character of the failure;
any action taken by the controller or processor to mitigate the damage or distress suffered by data subjects;
the degree of responsibility of the controller or processor, taking into account technical and organisational measures implemented by the controller or processor in accordance with section 57, 66, 103 or 107;
any relevant previous failures by the controller or processor;
the degree of co-operation with the F7Commission, in order to remedy the failure and mitigate the possible adverse effects of the failure;
the categories of personal data affected by the failure;
the manner in which the infringement became known to the F8Commission, including whether, and if so to what extent, the controller or processor notified the Commission of the failure;
the extent to which the controller or processor has complied with previous enforcement notices or penalty notices;
adherence to approved codes of conduct or certification mechanisms;
any other aggravating or mitigating factor applicable to the case, including financial benefits gained, or losses avoided, as a result of the failure (whether directly or indirectly);
whether the penalty would be effective, proportionate and dissuasive.
Subsections (2) and (3) do not apply in the case of a decision or determination relating to a failure described in section 149(5).
Schedule 16 makes further provision about penalty notices, including provision requiring the F9Commission to give a notice of intent to impose a penalty and provision about payment, variation, cancellation and enforcement.
The Secretary of State may by regulations—
confer power on the F10Commission to give a penalty notice in respect of other failures to comply with the data protection legislation, and
provide for the maximum penalty that may be imposed in relation to such failures to be either the standard maximum amount or the higher maximum amount.
Regulations under this section—
may make provision about the giving of penalty notices in respect of the failure,
may amend this section and sections 156 to 158, and
are subject to the affirmative resolution procedure.
In this section, “higher maximum amount” and “standard maximum amount” have the same meaning as in section 157.
Annotations
Textual amendments
- F1
Word in s. 155(1)(2) substituted (30.9.2026) by The Data (Use and Access) Act 2025 (Consequential Amendments and Transitional Provision) Regulations 2026 (S.I. 2026/386), reg. 1(2), Sch. 2 para. 23(2)(3); S.I. 2026/1015, reg. 2(c)
- F2
Words in s. 155(1)(a) substituted (19.6.2026) by Data (Use and Access) Act 2025 (c. 18), s. 142(1), Sch. 10 para. 17; S.I. 2026/82, reg. 3(b) (with reg. 7)
- F3
Word in s. 155(1)(a) omitted (5.2.2026) by virtue of Data (Use and Access) Act 2025 (c. 18), ss. 98(4)(a), 142(1); S.I. 2026/82, reg. 2(q)
- F4
Words in s. 155(1)(b) inserted (5.2.2026) by Data (Use and Access) Act 2025 (c. 18), ss. 100(4), 142(1); S.I. 2026/82, reg. 2(s)
- F5
S. 155(1)(c) and word inserted (5.2.2026) by Data (Use and Access) Act 2025 (c. 18), ss. 98(4)(b), 142(1); S.I. 2026/82, reg. 2(q)
- F6
Words in s. 155(2)(a) substituted (31.12.2020) by The Data Protection, Privacy and Electronic Communications (Amendments etc) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/419), reg. 1(2), Sch. 2 para. 63 (with reg. 5); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)
- F7
Word in s. 155(3)(f) substituted (30.9.2026) by The Data (Use and Access) Act 2025 (Consequential Amendments and Transitional Provision) Regulations 2026 (S.I. 2026/386), reg. 1(2), Sch. 2 para. 23(2)(3); S.I. 2026/1015, reg. 2(c)
- F8
Word in s. 155(3)(h) substituted (30.9.2026) by The Data (Use and Access) Act 2025 (Consequential Amendments and Transitional Provision) Regulations 2026 (S.I. 2026/386), reg. 1(2), Sch. 2 para. 23(2)(3); S.I. 2026/1015, reg. 2(c)
- F9
Word in s. 155(5) substituted (30.9.2026) by The Data (Use and Access) Act 2025 (Consequential Amendments and Transitional Provision) Regulations 2026 (S.I. 2026/386), reg. 1(2), Sch. 2 para. 23(2)(3); S.I. 2026/1015, reg. 2(c)
- F10
Word in s. 155(6)(a) substituted (30.9.2026) by The Data (Use and Access) Act 2025 (Consequential Amendments and Transitional Provision) Regulations 2026 (S.I. 2026/386), reg. 1(2), Sch. 2 para. 23(2)(3); S.I. 2026/1015, reg. 2(c)
Commencement
- I1
S. 155 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see s. 212(2)(f)
- I2
S. 155 in force at 25.5.2018 in so far as not already in force by S.I. 2018/625, reg. 2(1)(f)