Disability Discrimination Act 1995
1995 c. 50 · Enacted 8 November 1995 · Extends to United Kingdom
F1C1E1C2C3C4C5Be it enacted by the Queen’s most Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons, in this present Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows:—
Annotations to the whole text
Textual amendments
- F1
Act repealed (E.W.S.) (1.10.2010 (except for the repeal of ss. 49A-49D) and 5.4.2011 in so far as not already in force) by Equality Act 2010 (c. 15), 216(3), Sch. 27 Pt. 1 (as substituted (1.10.2010) by S.I. 2010/2279, Sch. 2) (with ss. 6(4), 205, and with amendments and savings in the said S.I. 2010/2279, art. 16); S.I. 2010/2317, art. 2(15)(f) (with arts. 4-25, Schs. 1-16); S.I. 2011/1066, art. 2(h)
Modifications
- C1
Act restricted (E.W.S.) (22.8.1996) by 1996 c. 17, ss. 21, 46 (with s. 38)
Act restricted (8.8.1998) by S.I. 1996/1919 (N.I. 16), art. 160(1)(b) (as substituted (8.8.1998) by S.I. 1998/1265 (N.I. 8), arts. 1(2), 15(3); S.R. 1998/274, art. 2(1), Sch. 1 (with savings and transitional provisions in art. 3))
Act: transfer of certain functions (N.I.) (1.12.1999) by S.R. 1999/481, art. 8(a), Sch. 6 Pt. I
Act (except ss. 8, 9(4)(d), 10(2)(b)): transfer of certain functions (N.I.)(1.12.1999) by S.R. 1999/481, art. 4(a), Sch. 2 Pt. I
- C2
Act: power to amend conferred (N.I) (1.9.2005) by The Special Educational Needs and Disability (Northern Ireland) Order 2005 (S.I. 2005/1117 (N.I. 6)), arts. 1, 38(6); S.R. 2005/336, art. 2, Sch.
- C3
Act: applied (with modifications) (S.) (3.11.2008) by The Mental Health (England and Wales Cross-border transfer: patients subject to requirements other than detention) (Scotland) Regulations (S.S.I. 2008/356), {regs. 2, 33(1)}
- C4
Act applied (N.I.) (10.12.2015) by Children's Services Co-operation Act (Northern Ireland) 2015 (c. 10 (N.I.)), ss. 9(3)(b), 10(1)
- C5
Act: transfer of functions (N.I.) (8.5.2016) by The Departments (Transfer of Functions) Order (Northern Ireland) 2016 (S.R. 2016/76), art. 1(2), Sch. 1 Pt. 2 (with art. 9(2))
Extent
Contents
- Part I: Disability
- 1Meaning of “disability” and “disabled person”.
- 2Past disabilities.
- 3Guidance.
- Part II: THE EMPLOYMENT FIELD AND DISTRICT COUNCILS and members of locally-electable authorities
- Meaning of “discrimination” and “harassment”
- 3AMeaning of “discrimination”
- 3BMeaning of “harassment”
- Employment
- 4Discrimination against applicants and employees.
- 4AEmployers: duty to make adjustments Repealed
- 5Meaning of “discrimination” Repealed
- 6Duty of employer to make adjustments. Repealed
- 7Exemption for small businesses. Repealed
- Contract workers
- 4BContract workers Repealed
- Office-holders
- 4COffice-holders: introductory Repealed
- 4DOffice-holders: discrimination and harassment Repealed
- 4EOffice-holders: duty to make adjustments Repealed
- 4FOffice-holders: supplementary Repealed
- Occupational pension schemes
- 4GOccupational pension schemes: non-discrimination rule Repealed
- 4HOccupational pension schemes: duty to make adjustments Repealed
- 4IOccupational pension schemes: procedure Repealed
- 4JOccupational pension schemes: remedies Repealed
- 4KOccupational pension schemes: supplementary Repealed
- Partnerships
- 6APartnerships: discrimination and harassment Repealed
- 6BPartnerships: duty to make adjustments Repealed
- 6CPartnerships: supplementary Repealed
- Barristers and advocatesBarristers
- 7ABarristers: discrimination and harassment Repealed
- 7BBarristers: duty to make adjustments Repealed
- 7CAdvocates: discrimination and harassment Repealed
- 7DAdvocates: duty to make adjustments Repealed
- Enforcement etc.
- 8Enforcement, remedies and procedure.
- 9Validity of certain agreements. Repealed
- 10Charities and support for particular groups of persons. Repealed
- 11Advertisements suggesting that employers will discriminate against disabled persons Repealed
- Discrimination by other persons
- 12Discrimination against contract workers. Repealed
- 15Appeal against refusal of exemption certificate. Repealed
- Trade and professional bodies
- 13Trade organisations: discrimination and harassment Repealed
- 14Trade organisations: duty to make adjustments Repealed
- 14AQualifications bodies: discrimination and harassment Repealed
- 14BQualifications bodies: duty to make adjustments Repealed
- Practical work experience
- 14CPractical work experience: discrimination and harassment Repealed
- 14DPractical work experience: duty to make adjustments Repealed
- Relationships between locally-electable authorities and their membersRelationships between district councils and their members
- 15AInterpretation of sections 15B and 15C Repealed
- 15BAuthorities and their members: discrimination and harassment Repealed
- 15CAuthorities and their members: duty to make adjustments Repealed
- . . .
- 16Alterations to premises occupied under leases. Repealed
- Other unlawful acts
- 16ARelationships which have come to an end Repealed
- 16BDiscriminatory advertisements Repealed
- 16CInstructions and pressure to discriminate Repealed
- . . .
- 17Occupational pension schemes. Repealed
- Enforcement etc.
- 17AEnforcement, remedies and procedure.
- 17BEnforcement of sections 16B(1) and 16C Repealed
- 17CValidity of contracts, collective agreements and rules of undertakings Repealed
- Supplementary and general
- 18Insurance services. Repealed
- 18AAlterations to premises occupied under leases.
- 18BReasonable adjustments: supplementary
- 18CCharities and support for particular groups of persons. Repealed
- 18DInterpretation of Part 2 Repealed
- 18EPremises provided otherwise than in course of a Part 2 relationship
- Part III: Discrimination in Other Areas
- Goods, facilities and services
- 19Discrimination in relation to goods, facilities and services.
- 20Meaning of “discrimination”
- 21Duty of providers of services to make adjustments.
- 21ZAApplication of sections 19 to 21 to transport vehicles Repealed
- 21AEmployment services
- Public authorities
- 21BDiscrimination by public authorities Repealed
- 21CExceptions from section 21B(1) Repealed
- 21DMeaning of “discrimination” in section 21B Repealed
- 21EDuties for purposes of section 21D(2) to make adjustments Repealed
- Private clubs etc.
- 21FDiscrimination by private clubs etc.
- 21GMeaning of “discrimination”
- 21HDuty to make adjustments
- 21J“Member”, “associate” and “guest”
- Premises
- 22Discrimination in relation to premises.
- 22ACommonholds Repealed
- 23Exemption for small dwellings.
- 24Meaning of “discrimination” .
- 24ALet premises: discrimination in failing to comply with duty Repealed
- 24BExceptions to section 24A(1) Repealed
- 24CDuty for purposes of section 24A(2) to provide auxiliary aid or service Repealed
- 24DDuty for purposes of section 24A(2) to change practices, terms etc Repealed
- 24ESections 24C and 24D: supplementary and interpretation Repealed
- 24FLet premises: victimisation of persons to whom premises are let Repealed
- 24GPremises that are to let: discrimination in failing to comply with duty Repealed
- 24HExceptions to section 24G(1) Repealed
- 24JDuties for purposes of section 24G(2) Repealed
- 24KLet premises and premises that are to let: justification Repealed
- 24LSections 24 to 24K: power to make supplementary provision Repealed
- 24MPremises provisions do not apply where other provisions operate Repealed
- Enforcement, etc.
- 25Enforcement, remedies and procedure.
- 26Validity and revision of certain agreements.
- 27Alterations to premises occupied under leases.
- 28Conciliation of disputes.
- Part IV: Education
- Chapter 1: SCHOOLS
- Duties of responsible bodies
- 28ADiscrimination against disabled pupils and prospective pupils Repealed
- 28BMeaning of “discrimination” Repealed
- 28CDisabled pupils not to be substantially disadvantaged Repealed
- 28DAccessibility strategies and plans Repealed
- 28EAccessibility strategies and plans: procedure Repealed
- Residual duty of education authorities
- 28FDuty of education authorities not to discriminate Repealed
- 28GResidual duty: supplementary provisions Repealed
- Enforcement: England and Wales
- 28HTribunals Repealed
- 28IJurisdiction and powers of the Tribunal - England and Wales Repealed
- 28IAJurisdiction and powers of the Tribunal – Wales Repealed
- 28IBCase friends — Wales Not yet in force
- 28ICAdvice and information — Wales Repealed
- 28IDResolution of disputes — Wales Repealed
- 28IEIndependent advocacy services — Wales Repealed
- 28JProcedure Repealed
- 28JAAppeal from the Welsh Tribunal to the Upper Tribunal Repealed
- 28KAdmissions Repealed
- 28LExclusions Repealed
- 28MRoles of the Secretary of State and the Welsh Ministers Repealed
- Enforcement: Scotland
- 28NCivil proceedings Repealed
- Agreements relating to enforcement
- 28PValidity and revision of agreements of responsible bodies Repealed
- Interpretation of Chapter 1
- 28QInterpretation Repealed
- Chapter 2: FURTHER AND HIGHER EDUCATION
- Duties of responsible bodies
- 28RDiscrimination against disabled students and prospective students Repealed
- 28SMeaning of “discrimination” Repealed
- 28SAMeaning of “harassment“ Repealed
- 28TResponsible bodies' duties to make adjustments Repealed
- Other providers of further education or training facilities
- 28UFurther education etc. provided by local authorities and schools Repealed
- Other unlawful acts
- 28UARelationships which have come to an end Repealed
- 28UBInstructions and pressure to discriminate Repealed
- 28UCDiscriminatory advertisements Repealed
- Enforcement, etc.
- 28VEnforcement, remedies and procedure Repealed
- 28WOccupation of premises by educational institutions Repealed
- 28XValidity and revision of agreements Repealed
- 29Education of disabled persons. Repealed
- Duties of funding councils
- 30Further and higher education of disabled persons. 1992 c.13. Repealed
- 31Further and higher education of disabled persons: Scotland. 1992 c. 37. Repealed
- Interpretation of Chapter 2
- 31AInterpretation Repealed
- Chapter 2A: General Qualifications Bodies
- 31AAGeneral qualifications bodies: discrimination and harassment Repealed
- 31ABMeaning of “discrimination” Repealed
- 31ACMeaning of “harassment” Repealed
- 31ADGeneral qualifications bodies: duty to make adjustments Repealed
- 31ADAEnforcement, remedies and procedures Repealed
- 31ADBAlterations to premises occupied under leases Repealed
- 31AEChapter 2A: claims, leased premises and certain agreements Repealed
- 31AFChapter 2A: duty to consult before making regulations Repealed
- Chapter 3: SUPPLEMENTARY
- 31BConciliation for disputes Repealed
- 31CApplication to Isles of Scilly Repealed
- Part V: Public Transport
- Taxis
- 32Taxi accessibility regulations.
- 33Designated transport facilities. Not yet in force
- 34New licences conditional on compliance with taxi accessibility regulations. Not yet in force
- 35Exemption from taxi accessibility regulations. Not yet in force
- 36Carrying of passengers in wheelchairs.
- 36AList of wheelchair-accessible vehicles providing local services Repealed
- 37Carrying of guide dogs and hearing dogs.
- 37ACarrying of assistance dogs in private hire vehicles
- 38AppealsAppeal against refusal of exemption certificate
- 39Requirements as to disabled passengers in Scotland. Repealed
- Public service vehicles
- 40PSV accessibility regulations.
- 41Accessibility certificates.
- 42Approval certificates.
- 43Special authorisations.
- 44Reviews and appeals.
- 45Fees.
- Rail vehicles
- 46Rail vehicle accessibility regulations.
- 47Exemption from rail vehicle accessibility regulations.
- 47ARail vehicle accessibility compliance certificates Not yet in force
- 47BRail vehicle accessibility compliance certificates: supplementary Not yet in force
- 47CRail vehicle accessibility compliance certificates: fees Not yet in force
- 47DPenalty for using rail vehicle without accessibility compliance certificate Not yet in force
- 47EPenalty for using rail vehicle that does not conform with accessibility regulations Not yet in force
- 47FPenalty for using rail vehicle otherwise than in conformity with accessibility regulations Not yet in force
- 47GSections 47E and 47F: inspection of rail vehicles Not yet in force
- 47HSections 47E and 47F: supplementary powers Not yet in force
- 47JPenalties under sections 47D to 47H: amount, due date and recovery Not yet in force
- 47KPenalties under sections 47D to 47H: procedure Not yet in force
- 47LPenalties under sections 47D to 47H: appeals Not yet in force
- 47MSections 46 to 47H: interpretation Not yet in force
- Supplemental
- 48Offences by bodies corporate etc.
- 49Forgery and false statements.
- Part 5A: Public authorities
- 49AGeneral duty Repealed
- 49BMeaning of “public authority” in Part 5A Repealed
- Part 5B: Improvements to dwelling houses
- 49CExceptions from section 49A(1) Repealed
- 49DPower to impose specific duties Repealed
- 49EDuties under section 49D: compliance notices Repealed
- 49FEnforcement of compliance notices Repealed
- 49GImprovements to let dwelling houses Repealed
- 49HConciliation of disputes Repealed
- 49IConciliation of disputes: rented housing in Scotland Repealed
- Part VI: The National Disability Council
- 50. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Repealed
- 51Codes of practice prepared by the Council.
- 52Further provision about codes issued under section 51. Repealed
- Part VII: Supplemental
- 53ACodes of practice. Repealed
- 54ACodes of practice.
- 53Codes of practice prepared by the Secretary of State.
- 54Further provision about codes issued under section 53.
- 55Victimisation.
- 56Help for aggrieved persons in obtaining information etc.
- 57Aiding unlawful acts.
- 58Liability of employers and principals.
- 59Statutory authority and national security etc.
- 59ANational security
- Part VIII: Miscellaneous
- 60Appointment by Secretary of State of advisers.
- 61Amendment of Disabled Persons (Employment) Act 1944.
- 62. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Repealed
- 63Restriction of publicity: Employment Appeal Tribunal. Repealed
- 64Application to Crown etc.
- 64APolice Repealed
- 64BOther police bodies
- 65Application to Parliament. Repealed
- 66Government appointments outside Part II. Repealed
- 67Regulations and orders.
- 67AExercise of discretion under section 67(5A) Repealed
- 67BAnnual report on rail vehicle exemption orders Repealed
- 68Interpretation.
- 69Financial provisions.
- 70Short title, commencement, extent etc.
- Schedule 1: Provisions Supplementing Section 1
- Impairment
- 1Paragraph 1
- Long-term effects
- 2Paragraph 2
- Severe disfigurement
- 3Paragraph 3
- Normal day-to-day activities
- 4Paragraph 4
- Substantial adverse effects
- 5Paragraph 5
- Effect of medical treatment
- 6Paragraph 6
- Persons deemed to be disabled
- 6AParagraph 6A
- 7Paragraph 7
- Progressive conditions
- 8Paragraph 8
- Interpretation
- 9Paragraph 9
- Schedule 2: Past Disabilities
- 1Paragraph 1
- 2Paragraph 2
- 2AParagraph 2A Repealed
- 2BParagraph 2B Repealed
- 2CParagraph 2C Repealed
- 3Paragraph 3
- 4Paragraph 4
- 4ZAParagraph 4ZA Repealed
- 4ZBParagraph 4ZB Repealed
- 4AParagraph 4A Repealed
- 4BParagraph 4B Repealed
- 4CParagraph 4C Repealed
- 4DParagraph 4D Repealed
- 4EParagraph 4E Repealed
- 5Paragraph 5
- 6Paragraph 6
- 7Paragraph 7
- 8Paragraph 8
- 9Paragraph 9
- 10Paragraph 10
- 11Paragraph 11
- 12Paragraph 12
- 13Paragraph 13
- Schedule 3: Sections 17A(8) and 25(6), 31ADA Enforcement and Procedure
- Part I: Employment
- Conciliation
- 1Paragraph 1 Repealed
- Restriction on proceedings for breach of Part II
- 2Paragraph 2
- Period within which proceedings must be brought
- 3Paragraph 3
- Evidence
- 4Paragraph 4
- Part II: Discrimination in Other Areas
- Restriction on proceedings for breach of Part III
- 5Paragraph 5
- Period within which proceedings must be brought
- 6Paragraph 6
- Staying or sisting proceedings on section 21B claim affecting criminal mattersStaying proceedings on section 21B claim affecting criminal matters
- 6AParagraph 6A Repealed
- Restriction of remedies for section 21B claim relating to criminal matters
- 6BParagraph 6B Repealed
- Compensation for injury to feelings
- 7Paragraph 7
- Evidence
- 8Paragraph 8
- Part 3: DISCRIMINATION IN SCHOOLS
- 9Restriction on proceedings for breach of Part 4, Chapter 1 Repealed
- 10Period within which proceedings must be brought Repealed
- 11Evidence Repealed
- Part 4: DISCRIMINATION IN FURTHER AND HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS
- 12Restriction on proceedings for breach of Part 4, Chapter 2 Repealed
- 13Period within which proceedings must be brought Repealed
- 14Compensation for injury to feelings Repealed
- 15Evidence Repealed
- Part 5: Discrimination in General Qualifications Bodies
- Restriction on proceedings for breach of Part 4, Chapter 2A
- 16Paragraph 16 Repealed
- Period within which proceedings must be brought
- 17Paragraph 17 Repealed
- Evidence
- 18Paragraph 18 Repealed
- Schedule 3A: VALIDITY OF CONTRACTS, COLLECTIVE AGREEMENTS AND RULES OF UNDERTAKINGS
- Part I: validity and revision of contracts
- 1Paragraph 1
- 2Paragraph 2
- 3Paragraph 3
- Part II: collective agreements and rules of undertakings
- 4Paragraph 4
- 5Paragraph 5
- 6Paragraph 6
- 7Paragraph 7
- 8Paragraph 8
- 9Paragraph 9
- Part III: interpretation
- 10Paragraph 10
- 11Paragraph 11
- 12Paragraph 12
- Schedule 3A: VALIDITY OF CONTRACTS, COLLECTIVE AGREEMENTS AND RULES OF UNDERTAKINGS
- Part 1: VALIDITY AND REVISION OF CONTRACTS
- 1Paragraph 1 Repealed
- 2Paragraph 2 Repealed
- 3Paragraph 3 Repealed
- Part 2: COLLECTIVE AGREEMENTS AND RULES OF UNDERTAKINGS
- 4Paragraph 4 Repealed
- 5Paragraph 5 Repealed
- 6Paragraph 6 Repealed
- 7Paragraph 7 Repealed
- 8Paragraph 8 Repealed
- 9Paragraph 9 Repealed
- Part 3: INTERPRETATION
- 10Paragraph 10 Repealed
- 11Paragraph 11 Repealed
- 12Paragraph 12 Repealed
- Schedule 4: Premises Occupied Under Leases
- Part I: Occupation by EMPLOYER etc
- Failure to obtain consent to alteration
- 1Paragraph 1
- Joining lessors in proceedings under section 17A . . .
- 2Paragraph 2
- Regulations
- 3Paragraph 3
- Sub-leases etc.
- 4Paragraph 4
- Part II: Occupation by persons subject to a duty under section 21, 21E or 21H
- Failure to obtain consent to alteration
- 5Paragraph 5
- Reference to court
- 6Paragraph 6
- Joining lessors in proceedings under section 25
- 7Paragraph 7
- Joining lessors in proceedings relating to group insurance or employment services
- 7AParagraph 7A Repealed
- Regulations
- 8Paragraph 8
- Sub-leases etc.
- 9Paragraph 9
- Part 3: OCCUPATION BY EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
- 10Failure to obtain consent Repealed
- 11Reference to court Repealed
- 12Joining lessors in proceedings under section 28V Repealed
- 13Regulations Repealed
- 14Sub-leases etc. Repealed
- Part 4: Occupation by General Qualifications Bodies
- Failure to obtain consent to alteration
- 15Paragraph 15 Repealed
- Reference to court
- 16Paragraph 16 Repealed
- Joining lessors in proceedings under section 31ADA
- 17Paragraph 17 Repealed
- Schedule 4A: RESPONSIBLE BODIES FOR SCHOOLS
- 1Paragraph 1 Repealed
- 2Paragraph 2 Repealed
- Schedule 4B: RESPONSIBLE BODIES FOR EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
- 1Paragraph 1 Repealed
- 2Paragraph 2 Repealed
- Schedule 4C: MODIFICATIONS OF CHAPTER 2 OF PART 4
- Part 1: Modifications for England and Wales – Further Education, etc Provided by Local Authorities
- 1Paragraph 1 Repealed
- 2Paragraph 2 Repealed
- 3Paragraph 3 Repealed
- 4Paragraph 4 Repealed
- 5Paragraph 5 Repealed
- Part 1A: Modifications for England and Wales – Further Education Provided by Schools, etc
- 6Paragraph 6 Repealed
- 7Paragraph 7 Repealed
- 8Paragraph 8 Repealed
- 9Paragraph 9 Repealed
- 10Paragraph 10 Repealed
- 11Paragraph 11 Repealed
- 12Paragraph 12 Repealed
- Part 2: Modifications for Scotland – Further Education
- 13Paragraph 13 Repealed
- 14Paragraph 14 Repealed
- 15Paragraph 15 Repealed
- 16Paragraph 16 Repealed
- 17Paragraph 17 Repealed
- Part 2A: Modifications for Scotland – Recreational or Training Facilities
- 18Paragraph 18 Repealed
- 19Paragraph 19 Repealed
- 20Paragraph 20 Repealed
- 21Paragraph 21 Repealed
- 22Paragraph 22 Repealed
- 23Paragraph 23 Repealed
- 24Paragraph 24 Repealed
- Schedule 5: The National Disability Council
- Status
- 1Paragraph 1 Repealed
- Procedure
- 2Paragraph 2 Repealed
- Membership
- 3Paragraph 3 Repealed
- Term of office of members
- 4Paragraph 4 Repealed
- Remuneration
- 5Paragraph 5 Repealed
- Staff
- 6Paragraph 6 Repealed
- Supplementary regulation-making power
- 7Paragraph 7 Repealed
- Annual report
- 8Paragraph 8 Repealed
- Schedule 6: Consequential Amendments
- Employment and Training Act 1973 (c. 50)
- 1Paragraph 1 Repealed
- Employment Protection (Consolidation) Act 1978 (c. 44)
- 2Paragraph 2 Repealed
- 3Paragraph 3 Repealed
- Companies Act 1985 (c. 6)
- 4Paragraph 4 Repealed
- Local Government and Housing Act 1989 (c. 42)
- 5Paragraph 5 Repealed
- Enterprise and New Towns (Scotland) Act 1990 (c. 35)
- 6Paragraph 6 Repealed
- Schedule 7: Repeals
- Schedule 8: Modifications of this Act in its application to Northern Ireland
- 1Paragraph 1
- 2Paragraph 2
- 3Paragraph 3 Repealed
- 4Paragraph 4
- 5Paragraph 5 Repealed
- 6Paragraph 6
- 7Paragraph 7 Repealed
- 8Paragraph 8 Repealed
- 9Paragraph 9
- 10Paragraph 10
- 11Paragraph 11
- 12Paragraph 12
- 13Paragraph 13
- 14Paragraph 14 Repealed
- 15Paragraph 15
- 16Paragraph 16
- 17Paragraph 17
- 18Paragraph 18
- 19Paragraph 19
- 20Paragraph 20
- 21Paragraph 21
- 21AParagraph 21A
- 22Paragraph 22
- 23Paragraph 23
- 24Paragraph 24
- 25Paragraph 25
- 26Paragraph 26
- 27Paragraph 27
- 28Paragraph 28
- 29Paragraph 29
- 30Paragraph 30
- 31Paragraph 31
- 32Paragraph 32
- 33Paragraph 33 Repealed
- 34Paragraph 34
- 35Paragraph 35
- 36Paragraph 36
- 37Paragraph 37
- 38Paragraph 38
- 39Paragraph 39
- 40Paragraph 40
- 41Paragraph 41
- 42Paragraph 42
- 43Paragraph 43
- 44Paragraph 44
- 45Paragraph 45
- 46Paragraph 46
- 47Paragraph 47
- 48Paragraph 48
- 49Paragraph 49
- 50Paragraph 50
- 51Paragraph 51
- 52Paragraph 52 Repealed
- 53Paragraph 53