Division 2.5.2

‘The lower bumper reference line’ identifies the lower limit to significant points of pedestrian contact with the bumper. It is defined as the geometric trace of the lower most points of contact between a straight edge 700 mm long and the bumper, when the straight edge, held parallel to the vertical longitudinal plane of the car and inclined forwards by 25°, is traversed across the front of the car, while maintaining contact with the ground and with the surface of the bumper (see Figure 1b).