Division I Primary or process-related techniques, such as:

United Kingdom

Technique	Description	Applicability
(i) Selection or treatment of fuel
(a) Use of gas to replace liquid fuel	Gas instead of liquid combustion leads to lower level of dust emissions See Section 1.20.3	The applicability may be limited by the constraints associated with the availability of low sulphur fuels such as natural gas, which may be impacted by the energy policy of the Member State
(b) Use of low sulphur refinery fuel oil (RFO) e.g. by RFO selection or by hydrotreatment of RFO	Refinery fuel oil selection favours low sulphur liquid fuels among the possible sources to be used at the unit. Hydrotreatment aims at reducing the sulphur, nitrogen and metal contents of the fuel. See Section 1.20.3	The applicability may be limited by the availability of low sulphur liquid fuels, hydrogen production and the hydrogen sulphide (H₂S) treatment capacity (e.g. amine and Claus units)
(ii) Combustion modifications
(a) Optimisation of combustion	See Section 1.20.2	Generally applicable to all types of combustion
(b) Atomisation of liquid fuel	Use of high pressure to reduce the droplet size of liquid fuel. Recent optimal burner designs generally include steam atomisation	Generally applicable to liquid fuel firing

Notes on Division

f1: The lower end of the range is achievable for units with the use of end-of-pipe techniques.
f2: The upper end of the range refers to the use of a high percentage of oil burning and where only primary techniques are applicable.