Division 2 COST OF THE PROJECT
United Kingdom
The costing and planning for ESS has been made with a life cycle approach, and as such includes all the different phases of the facility's lifetime. The phases included in the costing and planning are the pre-construction, construction, operations (comprising the initial operations and the steady-state operations) and decommissioning phases. The total life cycle cost is shown in Figure 1 below.
Figure 1
ESS life cycle costs in million EUR
The cost for pre-construction includes the design update phase of the facility. The pre-construction costs are summed up to 80 M EUR and include both cash and in-kind contributions.
The construction budget is 1 843 M EUR, and it includes capital costs from the construction phase start 1 January 2013, to the start of the steady-state operations in 2026. The construction budget includes the capital investment for 16 instruments.
During the period 2019-2025 there will be an initial operations phase in parallel to the construction phase. Initial operations amounts to 810 M EUR and includes the budgets to operate the entire facility and to meet the TDR goal of a 22-instrument suite. The breakdown of the budget on construction project level is shown in Figure 2. It includes both cash and in-kind contributions.
Figure 2
Breakdown of the construction phase budget. The budget for the DMSC, 32 M EUR, is included in the neutron scattering systems (NSS) budget
The initial operations phase begins with the production, delivery and detection of the first neutrons. The budget includes costs for start-up of machine operations, ramping up of beam power, the start of the user programme, the first spares and the main contribution to the construction of the six remaining instruments to complete the baseline suite of 22 instruments. The initial operations budget is planned to end in 2025, providing a smooth transition to the budget for the steady-state operations.
The budget for steady-state operations will start in 2026 and continue until 2065 and includes all foreseen costs for sustainable operations in accordance with Annex 1. It includes a small contribution for completing the instrument suite in the first years and for keeping it competitive during steady-state operations. The steady-state operations budget in steady state is 140 M EUR/year.
Figure 3
Breakdown of the operations phase budget. The budget for management of the facility is included in the administration (Admin) budget
According to the life cycle approach, it is planned for that after the operations phase, ESS will be decommissioned and the site restored for other use. The associated costs are included in the decommissioning budget, summing up to 177 M EUR.