Division 4 Additional requirements for corrections and/or modifications of gear useF1

The initial gear selection shall be checked and modified in order to avoid too frequent gearshifts and to ensure driveability and practicality.

An acceleration phase is a time period of more than 2 seconds with a vehicle speed ≥ 1 km/h and with monotonic increase of vehicle speed. A deceleration phase is a time period of more than 2 seconds with a vehicle speed ≥ 1 km/h and with monotonic decrease of vehicle speed.

Corrections and/or modifications shall be made in accordance with the following requirements:

(a)
If a one step higher gear (n + 1) is required for only 1 second and the gears before and after are the same (n) or one of them is one step lower (n – 1), gear (n + 1) shall be corrected to gear n.
Examples:
Gear sequence i – 1, i, i – 1 shall be replaced by:
i – 1, i – 1, i – 1;
Gear sequence i – 1, i, i – 2 shall be replaced by:
i – 1, i – 1, i – 2;
Gear sequence i – 2, i, i – 1 shall be replaced by:
i – 2, i – 1, i – 1.
Gears used during accelerations at vehicle speeds ≥ 1 km/h shall be used for a period of at least 2 seconds (e.g. a gear sequence 1, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3 shall be replaced by 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3). This requirement shall not be applied on downshifts during an acceleration phase. Such downshifts shall be corrected in accordance with paragraph 4(b). Gears shall not be skipped during acceleration phases.
However an upshift by two gears is permitted at the transition from an acceleration phase to a constant speed phase if the duration of the constant speed phase exceeds 5 seconds.
(b)
If a downshift is required during an acceleration phase the gear which is required during this downshift is noted (i_DS). The start point of a correction procedure is defined by either the last previous second when i_DS was identified, or the start point of the acceleration phase if all time samples before have gears > i_DS. The following check shall then be applied.
Working backwards from the end of the acceleration phase, the latest occurrence of a 10 second window containing i_DS for either 2 or more consecutive seconds, or 2 or more individual seconds shall be identified. The last usage of i_DS in this window defines the end point of the correction procedure. Between the start and end of the correction period, all requirements for gears greater than i_DS shall be corrected to a requirement of i_DS.
From the end of the correction period to the end of the acceleration phase, all downshifts with a duration of only one second shall be removed, if the downshift was a one step downshift. If the downshift was a two step downshift, all requirements for gears greater than or equal to i_DS up to the latest occurrence of i_DS shall be corrected to (i_DS + 1).
This final correction shall also be applied from the start point to the end of the acceleration phase, if no 10 second window containing i_DS for either 2 or more consecutive seconds or 2 or more individual seconds was identified.
Examples:
1. (i)
  If the initially calculated gear use is:
  2, 2, 3, [3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4], 4, 4, 3, 4, 4, 4,
  the gear use shall be corrected to:
  2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4.
2. (ii)
  If the initially calculated gear use is:
  2, 2, 3, [3, 4, 4, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4], 4, 4, 4, 4, 3, 4,
  the gear use shall be corrected to:
  2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4.
3. (iii)
  If the initially calculated gear use is:
  2, 2, 3, [3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4], 4, 4, 4, 3, 3, 4,
  the gear use shall be corrected to:
  2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4.
The first 10 second windows are indicated by square brackets in the examples above.
The underlined gears (e.g. 3) indicate those cases which could lead to a correction of the gear before it.
This correction shall not be performed for gear 1.
(c)
If gear i is used for a time sequence of 1 to 5 seconds and the gear prior to this sequence is one step lower and the gear after this sequence is one or two steps lower than within this sequence or the gear prior to this sequence is two steps lower and the gear after this sequence is one step lower than within the sequence, the gear for the sequence shall be corrected to the maximum of the gears before and after the sequence.
Examples:
1. (i)
  Gear sequence i – 1, i, i – 1 shall be replaced by:
  i – 1, i – 1, i – 1;
  Gear sequence i – 1, i, i – 2 shall be replaced by:
  i – 1, i – 1, i – 2;
  Gear sequence i – 2, i, i – 1 shall be replaced by:
  i – 2, i – 1, i – 1.
2. (ii)
  Gear sequence i – 1, i, i, i – 1 shall be replaced by:
  i – 1, i – 1, i – 1, i – 1;
  Gear sequence i – 1, i, i, i – 2 shall be replaced by:
  i – 1, i – 1, i – 1, i – 2;
  Gear sequence i – 2, i, i, i – 1 shall be replaced by:
  i – 2, i – 1, i – 1, i – 1.
3. (iii)
  Gear sequence i – 1, i, i, i, i – 1 shall be replaced by:
  i – 1, i – 1, i – 1, i – 1, i – 1;
  Gear sequence i – 1, i, i, i, i – 2 shall be replaced by:
  i – 1, i – 1, i – 1, i – 1, i – 2;
  Gear sequence i – 2, i, i, i, i – 1 shall be replaced by:
  i – 2, i – 1, i – 1, i – 1, i – 1.
4. (iv)
  Gear sequence i – 1, i, i, i, i, i – 1 shall be replaced by:
  i – 1, i – 1, i – 1, i – 1, i – 1, i – 1;
  Gear sequence i – 1, i, i, i, i, i – 2 shall be replaced by:
  i – 1, i – 1, i – 1, i – 1, i – 1, i – 2;
  Gear sequence i – 2, i, i, i, i, i – 1 shall be replaced by:
  i – 2, i – 1, i – 1, i – 1, i – 1, i – 1.
5. (v)
  Gear sequence i – 1, i, i, i, i, i, i – 1 shall be replaced by:
  i – 1, i – 1, i – 1, i – 1, i – 1, i – 1, i – 1.
  Gear sequence i – 1, i, i, i, i, i, i – 2 shall be replaced by:
  i – 1, i – 1, i – 1, i – 1, i – 1, i – 1, i – 2;
  Gear sequence i – 2, i, i, i, i, i, i – 1 shall be replaced by:
  i – 2, i – 1, i – 1, i – 1, i – 1, i – 1, i – 1.
In all cases (i) to (v), i – 1 ≥ i_min shall be fulfilled.
(d)
No upshift to a higher gear at the transition from an acceleration or constant speed phase to a deceleration phase shall be performed if the gear in the phase following the deceleration phase is lower than the upshifted gear.
Example:
If v_i ≤ v_{i + 1} and v_{i + 2} < v_{i + 1} and gear i = 4 and gear (i + 1 = 5) and gear (i + 2 = 5), then gear (i + 1) and gear (i + 2) shall be set to 4 if the gear for the phase following the deceleration phase is gear 4 or lower. For all following cycle trace points with gear 5 within the deceleration phase, the gear shall also be set to 4. If the gear following the deceleration phase is gear 5, an upshift shall be performed.
If there is an upshift during the transition and the initial deceleration phase by 2 gears, an upshift by 1 gear shall be performed.
No upshift to a higher gear shall be performed within a deceleration phase.
(e)
During a deceleration phase, gears with n_gear > 2 shall be used as long as the engine speed does not drop below n_{min_drive}.
Gear 2 shall be used during a deceleration phase within a short trip of the cycle (not at the end of a short trip) as long as the engine speed does not drop below (0,9 × n_idle).
If the engine speed drops below n_idle, the clutch shall be disengaged.
If the deceleration phase is the last part of a short trip shortly before a stop phase, the second gear shall be used as long as the engine speed does not drop below n_idle.
(f)
If during a deceleration phase the duration of a gear sequence between two gear sequences of 3 seconds or more is only 1 second, it shall be replaced by gear 0 and the clutch shall be disengaged.
If during a deceleration phase the duration of a gear sequence between two gear sequences of 3 seconds or more is 2 seconds, it shall be replaced by gear 0 for the 1st second and for the 2nd second with the gear that follows after the 2 second period. The clutch shall be disengaged for the 1st second.
Example: A gear sequence 5, 4, 4, 2 shall be replaced by 5, 0, 2, 2.
This requirement shall only be applied if the gear that follows after the 2 second period is > 0.
If several gear sequences with durations of 1 or 2 seconds follow one another, corrections shall be performed as follows:
A gear sequence i, i, i, i – 1, i – 1, i – 2 or i, i, i, i – 1, i – 2, i – 2 shall be changed to i, i, i, 0, i – 2, i – 2.
A gear sequence such as i, i, i, i – 1, i – 2, i – 3 or i, i, i, i – 2, i – 2, i – 3 or other possible combinations shall be changed to i, i, i, 0, i – 3, i – 3.
This change shall also be applied to gear sequences where the acceleration is ≥ 0 for the first 2 seconds and < 0 for the 3rd second or where the acceleration is ≥ 0 for the last 2 seconds.
For extreme transmission designs, it is possible that gear sequences with durations of 1 or 2 seconds following one another may last up to 7 seconds. In such cases, the correction above shall be complemented by the following correction requirements in a second step:
A gear sequence j, 0, i, i, i – 1, k with j > (i + 1) and k ≤ (i – 1) shall be changed to j, 0, i – 1, i – 1, i – 1, k, if gear (i – 1) is one or two steps below i_max for second 3 of this sequence (one after gear 0).
If gear (i – 1) is more than two steps below i_max for second 3 of this sequence, a gear sequence j, 0, i, i, i – 1, k with j > (i + 1) and k ≤ (i – 1) shall be changed to j, 0, 0, k, k, k.
A gear sequence j, 0, i, i, i-2, k with j > (i + 1) and k ≤ (i – 2) shall be changed to j, 0, i – 2, i – 2, i – 2, k, if gear (i – 2) is one or two steps below i_max for second 3 of this sequence (one after gear 0).
If gear (i – 2) is more than two steps below i_max for second 3 of this sequence, a gear sequence j, 0, i, i, i – 2, k with j > (i + 1) and k ≤ (i – 2) shall be changed to j, 0, 0, k, k, k.
In all cases specified above in this sub-paragraph, the clutch disengagement (gear 0) for 1 second is used in order to avoid too high engine speeds for this second. If this is not an issue and, if requested by the manufacturer, it is allowed to use the lower gear of the following second directly instead of gear 0 for downshifts of up to 3 steps. The use of this option shall be recorded.
If the deceleration phase is the last part of a short trip shortly before a stop phase and the last gear > 0 before the stop phase is used only for a period of up to 2 seconds, gear 0 shall be used instead and the gear lever shall be placed in neutral and the clutch shall be engaged.
Examples: A gear sequence of 4, 0, 2, 2, 0 for the last 5 seconds before a stop phase shall be replaced by 4, 0, 0, 0, 0. A gear sequence of 4, 3, 3, 0 for the last 4 seconds before a stop phase shall be replaced by 4, 0, 0, 0.
A downshift to first gear is not permitted during those deceleration phases.

Annotations

Textual amendments

F1: Substituted by Commission Regulation (EU) 2018/1832 of 5 November 2018 amending Directive 2007/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council, Commission Regulation (EC) No 692/2008 and Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/1151 for the purpose of improving the emission type approval tests and procedures for light passenger and commercial vehicles, including those for in-service conformity and real-driving emissions and introducing devices for monitoring the consumption of fuel and electric energy (Text with EEA relevance).