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Appendix 1 F1

United Kingdom

Original text. Later amendments are not shown.

Type 4 test procedures and test conditions

1.

Introduction

This Annex describes the procedure for the Type 4 test which determines the evaporative emission of vehicles.

2.

Technical requirements

2.1.

The procedure includes the evaporative emissions test and two additional tests, one for the ageing of carbon canisters, as described in paragraph 5.1. of this Appendix, and one for the permeability of the fuel tank system, as described in paragraph 5.2. of this Appendix. The evaporative emissions test (Figure VI.4) determines hydrocarbon evaporative emissions as a consequence of diurnal temperature fluctuations and hot soaks during parking.

2.2.

In the case that the fuel system contains more than one carbon canister, all references to the term ‘canister’ in this Annex shall apply to each canister.

3.

Vehicle

The vehicle shall be in good mechanical condition and have been run-in and driven at least 3 000 km before the test. For the purpose of the determination of evaporative emissions, the mileage and the age of the vehicle used for certification shall be included in all relevant test reports. The evaporative emission control system shall be connected and functioning correctly during the run-in period. A carbon canister aged in accordance with the procedure described in paragraph 5.1. of this Appendix shall be used.

4.

Test equipment

4.1.

Chassis dynamometer

The chassis dynamometer shall meet the requirements of paragraph 2. of Sub-Annex 5 of Annex XXI.

4.2.

Evaporative emission measurement enclosure

The evaporative emission measurement enclosure shall meet the requirements of paragraph 4.2. of Annex 7 of UN/ECE Regulation No 83.

4.3.

Analytical systems

The analytical systems shall meet the requirements of paragraph 4.3. of Annex 7 of UN/ECE Regulation No 83. Continuous measuring of hydrocarbons is not mandatory unless the fixed volume type enclosure is used.

4.4.

Temperature recording system

The temperature recording shall meet the requirements of paragraph 4.5. of Annex 7 of UN/ECE Regulation No 83.

4.5.

Pressure recording system

The pressure recording shall meet the requirements of paragraph 4.6. of Annex 7 of UN/ECE Regulation No 83, except that the accuracy and resolution of the pressure recording system defined in paragraph 4.6.2. of Annex 7 of UN/ECE Regulation No 83 shall be:

  1. (a)

    Accuracy: ± 0,3 kPa

  2. (b)

    Resolution: 0,025 kPa

4.6.

Fans

The fans shall meet the requirements of paragraph 4.7. of Annex 7 of UN/ECE Regulation No 83, except that the capacity of the blowers shall be 0,1 to 0,5 m3/sec instead of 0,1 to 0,5 m3/min.

4.7.

Calibration gases

The gases shall meet the requirements of paragraph 4.8. of Annex 7 of UN/ECE Regulation No 83.

4.8.

Additional Equipment

The additional equipment shall meet the requirements of paragraph 4.9. of Annex 7 of UN/ECE Regulation No 83.

4.9.

Auxiliary canister

The auxiliary canister should be identical to the main canister but not necessarily aged. The connection tube to the vehicle canister shall be as short as possible. The auxiliary canister shall be fully-purged with dry air prior to loading.

4.10.

Canister weighing scale

The canister weighing scale shall have an accuracy of ±0,02 g.

5.

Procedure for canister bench ageing and PF determination

5.1.

Canister bench ageing

Before performing the hot soak and diurnal losses sequences, the canister shall be aged in accordance with the procedure described in Figure VI.1.

Figure VI.1

Canister bench ageing procedure

5.1.1.

Ageing through exposure to temperature cycling

The canister shall be cycled between temperatures from – 15 °C to 60 °C in a dedicated temperature enclosure with 30 minutes of stabilisation at – 15 °C and 60 °C. Each cycle shall last 210 minutes (see Figure VI.2).

The temperature gradient shall be as close as possible to 1 °C/min. No forced air flow should pass through the canister.

The cycle shall be repeated 50 times consecutively. In total, this procedure lasts 175 hours.

Figure VI.2

Temperature conditioning cycle

5.1.2.

Ageing through exposure to vibration

Following the temperature ageing procedure, the canister shall be shaken vertically with the canister mounted as per its orientation in the vehicle with an overall Grms > 1,5 m/sec2 with a frequency of 30 ± 10 Hz. The test shall last 12 hours.

5.1.3.

Ageing through exposure to fuel vapour and determining BWC300

5.1.3.1.

Ageing shall consist of repeatedly loading with fuel vapour and purging with laboratory air.

5.1.3.1.1.

After temperature and vibration ageing, the canister shall be further aged with a mixture of market fuel as specified in paragraph 5.1.3.1.1.1. of this Appendix and nitrogen or air with a 50 ± 15 per cent fuel vapour volume. The fuel vapour fill rate shall be 60 ± 20 g/h.

The canister shall be loaded to 2 gram breakthrough. As an alternative, loading shall be deemed to be completed when the hydrocarbon concentration level at the vent outlet reaches 3 000 ppm.

5.1.3.1.1.1.

The market fuel used for this test shall fulfil the same requirements as a reference fuel with respect to:

  1. (a)

    Density at 15 °C;

  2. (b)

    Vapour pressure;

  3. (c)

    Distillation (70 °C, 100 °C, 150 °C);

  4. (d)

    Hydrocarbon analysis (olefins, aromatics, benzene only);

  5. (e)

    Oxygen content;

  6. (f)

    Ethanol content.

5.1.3.1.2.

The canister shall be purged between 5 and 60 minutes after loading with 25 ± 5 litres per minute of emission laboratory air until 300 bed volume exchanges are reached.

5.1.3.1.3.

The procedures set out in paragraphs 5.1.3.1.1. and 5.1.3.1.2. of this Appendix shall be repeated 300 times after which the canister shall be considered to be stabilised.

5.1.3.1.4.

The procedure to measure the butane working capacity (BWC) with respect to the evaporative emission family in paragraph 5.5. shall consist of the following.

  1. (a)

    The stabilised canister shall be loaded to 2 gram breakthrough and subsequently purged a minimum of 5 times. Loading shall be performed with a mixture composed of 50 per cent butane and 50 per cent nitrogen by volume at a rate of 40 grams butane per hour.

  2. (b)

    Purging shall be performed in accordance with paragraph 5.1.3.1.2. of this Appendix.

  3. (c)

    The BWC shall be included in all relevant test reports after each loading.

  4. (d)

    BWC300 shall be calculated as the average of the last 5 BWCs.

5.1.3.2.

If an aged canister is provided by a supplier, the manufacturer shall inform the approval authority in advance of the ageing process to enable the witnessing of any part of that process in the supplier's facilities.

5.1.3.3.

The manufacturer shall provide the approval authority a test report including at least the following elements:

  1. (a)

    Type of activated carbon;

  2. (b)

    Loading rate;

  3. (c)

    Fuel specifications.

5.2.

Determination of the PF of the fuel tank system (see Figure VI.3)

Figure VI.3

Determination of the PF

5.2.1.

The fuel tank system representative of a family shall be selected and mounted on a rig in a similar orientation as in the vehicle. The tank shall be filled to 40 ± 2 per cent of its nominal capacity with reference fuel at a temperature of 18 °C ± 2 °C. The rig with the fuel tank system shall be placed in a room with a controlled temperature of 40 °C ± 2 °C for 3 weeks.

5.2.2.

At the end of the third week, the tank shall be drained and refilled with reference fuel at a temperature of 18 °C ± 2 °C to 40 ± 2 per cent of its nominal tank capacity.

Within 6 to 36 hours, the rig with the fuel tank system shall be placed in an enclosure. The last 6 hours of this period shall be at an ambient temperature of 20 °C ± 2 °C. In the enclosure, a diurnal procedure shall be performed over the first 24-hour period of the procedure described in paragraph 6.5.9. of this Appendix. The fuel vapour in the tank shall be vented to the outside of the enclosure to eliminate the possibility of the tank venting emissions being counted as permeation. The HC emissions shall be measured and the value shall be included in all relevant test reports as HC3W.

5.2.3.

The rig with the fuel tank system shall be placed again in a room with a controlled temperature of 40 °C ± 2 °C for the remaining 17 weeks.

5.2.4.

At the end of the seventeenth week, the tank shall be drained and refilled with reference fuel at a temperature of 18 °C ± 2 °C to 40 ± 2 per cent of its nominal tank capacity.

Within 6 to 36 hours, the rig with the fuel tank system shall be placed in an enclosure. The last 6 hours of this period shall be at an ambient temperature of 20 °C ± 2 °C. In the enclosure, a diurnal procedure shall be performed over a first period of 24 hours of the procedure described in accordance with paragraph 6.5.9. of this Appendix. The fuel tank system shall be vented to the outside of the enclosure to eliminate the possibility of the tank venting emissions being counted as permeation. The HC emissions shall be measured and the value shall be included in all relevant test reports in this case as HC20W.

5.2.5.

The PF is the difference between HC20W and HC3W in g/24h calculated to 3 significant digits using the following equation:

PF = HC20w – HC3W

5.2.6.

If the PF is determined by a supplier, the vehicle manufacturer shall inform the approval authority in advance of the determination to allow witness check in the supplier's facility.

5.2.7.

The manufacturer shall provide the approval authority with a test report containing at least the following:

  1. (a)

    A full description of the fuel tank system tested, including information on the type of tank tested, whether the tank is metal, monolayer non-metal or multilayer, and which types of materials are used for the tank and other parts of the fuel tank system;

  2. (b)

    The weekly mean temperatures at which the ageing was performed;

  3. (c)

    The HC measured at week 3 (HC3W);

  4. (d)

    The HC measured at week 20 (HC20W);

  5. (e)

    The resulting permeability factor (PF).

5.2.8.

As an alternative to paragraphs 5.2.1. to 5.2.7. of this Appendix, a manufacturer using multilayer tanks or metal tanks may choose to use an Assigned Permeability Factor (APF) instead of performing the complete measurement procedure mentioned above:

APF multilayer/metal tank = 120 mg /24 h

Where the manufacturer chooses to use an APF, the manufacturer shall provide the approval authority with a declaration in which the type of tank is clearly specified as well as a declaration of the type of materials used.

6.

Test procedure for the measurement of hot soak and diurnal losses

6.1.

Vehicle preparation

The vehicle shall be prepared in accordance to paragraphs 5.1.1. and 5.1.2. of Annex 7 of UN/ECE Regulation No 83. At the request of the manufacturer and with approval of the approval authority, non-fuel background emission sources (e.g. paint, adhesives, plastics, fuel/vapour lines, tyres, and other rubber or polymer components) may be reduced to typical vehicle background levels before testing (e.g. baking of tyres at temperatures of 50 °C or higher for appropriate periods, baking of the vehicle, draining washer fluid).

For a sealed fuel tank system, the vehicle canisters shall be installed so that access to canisters and connection/disconnection of canisters can be done easily.

6.2.

Mode selections and gear shift prescriptions

6.2.1.

For vehicles with manual shift transmissions, the gear shift prescriptions specified in Sub-Annex 2 of Annex XXI shall apply.

6.2.2.

In the case of pure ICE vehicles, the mode shall be selected in accordance with Sub-Annex 6 of Annex XXI.

6.2.3.

In the case of NOVC-HEVs and OVC-HEVs, the mode shall be selected in accordance with Appendix 6 to Sub-Annex 8 of Annex XXI.

6.2.4.

Upon request of the approval authority, the selected mode may be different from that described in paragraphs 6.2.2. and 6.2.3. of this Appendix.

6.3.

Test conditions

The tests included in this Annex shall be performed using the test conditions specific to interpolation family vehicle H with the highest cycle energy demand of all the interpolation families included in the evaporative emission family being considered.

Alternatively, at the request of the approval authority, any cycle energy representative of a vehicle in the family may be used for the test.

6.4.

Flow of the test procedure

The test procedure for non-sealed and sealed tank systems shall be followed in accordance with the flow chart described in Figure VI.4.

The sealed fuel tank systems shall be tested with one of 2 options. One option is to test the vehicle with one continuous procedure. Another option, called the stand-alone procedure, is to test the vehicle with two separate procedures which will allow repeating the dynamometer test and the diurnal tests without repeating the tank depressurisation puff loss overflow test and the depressurisation puff loss measurement.

Figure VI.4

Test procedure flow charts

6.5.

Continuous test procedure for non-sealed fuel tank systems

6.5.1.

Fuel drain and refill

The fuel tank of the vehicle shall be emptied. This shall be done so as not to abnormally purge or abnormally load the evaporative control devices fitted to the vehicle. Removal of the fuel cap is normally sufficient to achieve this. The fuel tank shall be refilled with reference fuel at a temperature of 18 °C ± 2 °C to 40 ± 2 per cent of its nominal capacity.

6.5.2.

Soak

Within 5 minutes after completing fuel drain and refill, the vehicle shall be soaked for a minimum of 6 hours and a maximum of 36 hours at 23 °C ± 3 °C.

6.5.3.

Preconditioning drive

The vehicle shall be placed on a chassis dynamometer and driven over the following phases of the cycle described in Sub-Annex 1 of Annex XXI:

  1. (a)

    For Class 1 vehicles: low, medium, low, low, medium, low

  2. (b)

    For Class 2 and 3 vehicles: low, medium, high, medium.

For OVC-HEVs, the preconditioning drive shall be performed under the charge-sustaining operating condition as defined in paragraph 3.3.6. of Annex XXI. Upon the request of approval authority, any other mode may be used.

6.5.4.

Fuel drain and refill

Within one hour after the preconditioning drive, the fuel tank of the vehicle shall be emptied. This shall be done so as not to abnormally purge or abnormally load the evaporative control devices fitted to the vehicle. Removal of the fuel cap is normally sufficient to achieve this. The fuel tank shall be refilled with test fuel at a temperature of 18 °C ± 2 °C to 40 ± 2 per cent of its nominal capacity.

6.5.5.

Soak

Within five minutes of completing fuel drain and refill, the vehicle shall be parked for a minimum of 12 hours and a maximum of 36 hours at 23 °C ± 3 °C.

During soaking, the procedures described in paragraphs 6.5.5.1. and 6.5.5.2. may be performed either in the order of first paragraph 6.5.5.1. followed by paragraph 6.5.5.2. or in the order paragraph 6.5.5.2. followed by paragraph 6.5.5.1. The procedures described in paragraphs 6.5.5.1. and 6.5.5.2. may also be performed simultaneously.

6.5.5.1.

REESS charge

For OVC-HEVs, the REESS shall be fully charged in accordance with the charging requirements described in paragraph 2.2.3. of Appendix 4 to Sub-Annex 8 of Annex XXI.

6.5.5.2.

Canister loading

The canister aged in accordance with the sequence described in paragraph 5.1. of this Appendix shall be loaded to 2 gram breakthrough in accordance with the procedure described in paragraph 5.1.4. of Annex 7 of UN/ECE Regulation No 83.

6.5.6.

Dynamometer test

The test vehicle shall be pushed onto a dynamometer and shall be driven over the cycles described in paragraph 6.5.3.(a) or paragraph 6.5.3.(b) of this Appendix. OVC-HEVs shall be operated in charge-depleting operating condition. The engine shall be subsequently shut off. Exhaust emissions may be sampled during this operation and the results may be used for the purpose of exhaust emission and fuel consumption type approval if this operation meets the requirement described in Sub-Annex 6 or Sub-Annex 8 of Annex XXI.

6.5.7.

Hot soak evaporative emissions test

Within 7 minutes after the dynamometer test and within 2 minutes of the engine being switched off, the hot soak evaporative emissions test shall be performed in accordance with paragraph 5.5. of Annex 7 of UN/ECE Regulation No 83. The hot soak losses shall be calculated in accordance with paragraph 7.1. of this Appendix and included in all relevant test reports as MHS.

6.5.8.

Soak

After the hot soak evaporative emissions test, the test vehicle shall be soaked for not less than 6 hours and not more than 36 hours between the end of the hot soak test and the start of the diurnal emission test. For at least the last 6 hours of this period the vehicle shall be soaked at 20 °C ± 2 °C.

6.5.9.

Diurnal testing

6.5.9.1.

The test vehicle shall be exposed to two cycles of ambient temperature pursuant to the profile specified for the diurnal emission test in Appendix 2 to Annex 7 of UN/ECE Regulation No 83 with a maximum deviation of ± 2 °C at any time. The average temperature deviation from the profile, calculated using the absolute value of each measured deviation, shall not exceed ± 1 °C. Ambient temperature shall be measured at least every minute and included in all relevant test sheets. Temperature cycling shall begin at time Tstart = 0, as specified in paragraph 6.5.9.6. of this Appendix.

6.5.9.2.

The enclosure shall be purged for several minutes immediately before the test until a stable background is obtained. The chamber mixing fan(s) shall also be switched on at this time.

6.5.9.3.

The test vehicle, with the powertrain shut off and the test vehicle windows and luggage compartment(s) opened, shall be moved into the measuring chamber. The mixing fan(s) shall be adjusted in such a way as to maintain a minimum air circulation speed of 8 km/h under the fuel tank of the test vehicle.

6.5.9.4.

The hydrocarbon analyser shall be zeroed and spanned immediately before the test.

6.5.9.5.

The enclosure doors shall be closed and sealed gas-tight.

6.5.9.6.

Within 10 minutes of closing and sealing the doors, the hydrocarbon concentration, temperature and barometric pressure shall be measured to give initial readings of hydrocarbon concentration in the enclosure CHCi, barometric pressure Pi and ambient chamber temperature Ti for the diurnal testing. Tstart = 0 starts at this time.

6.5.9.7.

The hydrocarbon analyser shall be zeroed and spanned immediately before the end of each emission sampling period.

6.5.9.8.

The end of the first and second emission sampling period shall occur at 24 hours ±6 minutes and 48 hours ± 6 minutes, respectively, after the beginning of the initial sampling, as specified in paragraph 6.5.9.6. of this Appendix. The elapsed time shall be included in all relevant test reports.

At the end of each emission sampling period, the hydrocarbon concentration, temperature and barometric pressure shall be measured and used to calculate the diurnal test results using the equation in paragraph 7.1. of this Appendix. The result obtained from the first 24 hours shall be included in all relevant test reports as MD1. The result obtained from the second 24 hours shall be included in all relevant test reports as MD2.

6.6.

Continuous test procedure for sealed fuel tank systems

6.6.1.

In the case that the fuel tank relief pressure is greater than or equal to 30 kPa.

6.6.1.1.

The test shall be performed as described in paragraphs 6.5.1. to 6.5.3. of this Appendix.

6.6.1.2.

Fuel drain and refill

Within one hour after the preconditioning drive, the fuel tank of the vehicle shall be emptied. This shall be done so as not to abnormally purge or abnormally load the evaporative control devices fitted to the vehicle. Removal of the fuel cap is normally sufficient to achieve this, otherwise the canister shall be disconnected. The fuel tank shall be refilled with reference fuel at a temperature of 18 °C ± 2 °C to 15 ± 2 per cent of the tank's nominal capacity.

6.6.1.3.

Soak

Within 5 minutes after completing fuel drain and refill, the vehicle shall be soaked for stabilization for 6 to 36 hours at an ambient temperature of 20 °C ± 2 °C.

6.6.1.4.

Fuel tank depressurisation

The tank pressure shall be subsequently released so as not to abnormally raise the inside pressure of the fuel tank. This may be done by opening the fuel cap of the vehicle. Regardless of the method of depressurisation, the vehicle shall be returned to its original condition within 1 minute.

6.6.1.5.

Canister loading and purge

The canister aged in accordance with the sequence described in paragraph 5.1. of this Appendix shall be loaded to 2 gram breakthrough in accordance with the procedure described in paragraph 5.1.6. of Annex 7 of UN/ECE Regulation No 83, and shall be subsequently purged with 25 ± 5 litres per minute with emission laboratory air. The volume of purge air shall not exceed the volume determined in paragraph 6.6.1.5.1. This loading and purging can be done either (a) using an on-board canister at a temperature of 20 °C or optionally 23 °C, or (b) by disconnecting the canister. In both cases, no further relief of the tank pressure is allowed.

6.6.1.5.1.

Determination of maximum purge volume

The maximum purge amount Volmax shall be determined by the following equation. In the case of OVC-HEVs, the vehicle shall be operated in charge-sustaining operating condition. This determination can also be done at a separate test or during the preconditioning drive.

Volmax=VolPcycle×Voltank×0,85×100FCPcycleDistPcycle

where:

VolPcycle

  • is the cumulative purge volume rounded to the nearest 0,1 litres measured using a suitable device (e.g. flowmeter connected to the vent of the carbon canister or equivalent) over the cold start preconditioning drive described in the paragraph 6.5.3. of this Appendix, l;

    • Voltank

  • is the manufacturer's nominal fuel tank capacity, l;

    • FCPcycle

  • is the fuel consumption over the single purge cycle described in paragraph 6.5.3. of this Appendix which may be measured in either warm or cold start condition, l/100 km. For OVC-HEVs and NOVC-HEVs, fuel consumption shall be calculated in accordance with paragraph 4.2.1. of Sub-Annex 8 of Annex XXI;

    • DistPcycle

  • is the theoretical distance to the nearest 0,1 km of a single purge cycle described in paragraph 6.5.3. of this Appendix, km.

    • 6.6.1.6.

    Preparation of canister depressurisation puff loss loading

    After completing canister loading and purging, the test vehicle shall be moved into an enclosure, either a SHED or an appropriate climatic chamber. It shall be demonstrated that the system is leak-free and the pressurisation is performed in a normal way during the test or by separate test (e.g. by means of pressure sensor on the vehicle). The test vehicle shall be subsequently exposed to the first 11 hours of the ambient temperature profile specified for the diurnal emission test in Appendix 2 to Annex 7 of UN/ECE Regulation No 83 with a maximum deviation of ± 2 °C at any time. The average temperature deviation from the profile, calculated using the absolute value of each measured deviation, shall not exceed ± 1 °C. The ambient temperature shall be measured at least every 10 minutes and included in all relevant test sheets.

    6.6.1.7.

    Canister puff loss loading

    6.6.1.7.1.

    Fuel tank depressurisation before refuelling

    The manufacturer shall ensure that the refuelling operation cannot be initiated before the sealed fuel tank system is fully depressurised to a pressure less than 2,5 kPa above ambient pressure in normal vehicle operation and use. At the request of the approval authority, the manufacturer shall provide detailed information or demonstrate proof of operation (e.g. by means of pressure sensor on the vehicle). Any other technical solution may be allowed provided that a safe refuelling operation is ensured and that no excessive emissions are released to the atmosphere before the refuelling device is connected to the vehicle.

    6.6.1.7.2.

    Within 15 minutes after the ambient temperature has reached 35 °C, the tank relief valve shall be opened to load the canister. This loading procedure may be executed either inside or outside an enclosure. The canister loaded in accordance with this paragraph shall be disconnected and shall be kept in the soak area. A dummy canister shall be installed to the vehicle when undertaking the procedure specified in paragraphs 6.6.1.9. to 6.6.1.12. of this Appendix.

    6.6.1.8.

    Measurement of depressurisation puff loss overflow

    6.6.1.8.1.

    Any depressurisation puff loss overflow from the vehicle canister shall be measured by using an auxiliary carbon canister connected directly at the outlet of the vehicle vapour storage unit. It shall be weighed before and after the procedure described in paragraph 6.6.1.7. of this Appendix.

    6.6.1.8.2.

    Alternatively, the depressurisation puff loss overflow from the vehicle canister during its depressurisation may be measured using a SHED.

    Within 15 minutes after the ambient temperature has reached 35 °C as described in paragraph 6.6.1.6. of this Appendix, the chamber shall be sealed and the measurement procedure shall be started.

    The hydrocarbon analyser shall be zeroed and spanned, after which the hydrocarbon concentration, temperature and barometric pressure shall be measured to give the initial readings CHCi, Pi and Ti for the sealed tank depressurisation puff loss overflow determination.

    The ambient temperature T of the enclosure shall not be less than 25 °C during the measurement procedure.

    At the end of the procedure described in paragraph 6.6.1.7.2. of this Appendix, the hydrocarbon concentration in the chamber shall be measured after 60 ± 5 seconds. The temperature and the barometric pressure shall also be measured. These are the final readings CHCf, Pf and Tf for the sealed tank depressurisation puff loss overflow.

    The sealed tank puff loss overflow result shall be calculated in accordance with paragraph 7.1. of this Appendix and included in all relevant test reports.

    6.6.1.8.3.

    There shall be no change in weight of the auxiliary canister or the result of the SHED measurement, within the tolerance of ± 0,5 gram.

    6.6.1.9.

    Soak

    After completing puff loss loading, the vehicle shall be soaked at 23 ± 2 °C for 6 to 36 hours to stabilise the vehicle temperature.

    6.6.1.9.1.

    REESS charge

    For OVC-HEVs, the REESS shall be fully charged in accordance with the charging requirements described in paragraph 2.2.3. of Appendix 4 to Annex 8 of Annex XXI during the soaking described in paragraph 6.6.1.9. of this Appendix.

    6.6.1.10.

    Fuel drain and refill

    The fuel tank of the vehicle shall be drained and filled up to 40 ± 2 per cent of the tank's nominal capacity with reference fuel at a temperature of 18 °C ± 2 °C.

    6.6.1.11.

    Soak

    The vehicle shall be subsequently parked for a minimum of 6 hours to a maximum of 36 hours in the soak area at 20 °C ± 2 °C to stabilise the fuel temperature.

    6.6.1.12.

    Fuel tank depressurisation

    The tank pressure shall be subsequently released so as not to abnormally raise the inside pressure of the fuel tank. This may be done by opening the fuel cap of the vehicle. Regardless of the method of depressurisation, the vehicle shall be returned to its original condition within 1 minute. After this action, the vapour storage unit shall be connected again.

    6.6.1.13.

    The procedures in paragraphs 6.5.6. to 6.5.9.8. of this Appendix shall be followed.

    6.6.2.

    In the case that the fuel tank relief pressure is lower than 30 kPa

    The test shall be performed as described in paragraphs 6.6.1.1. to 6.6.1.13. of this Appendix. However, in this case, the ambient temperature described in paragraph 6.5.9.1. of this Appendix shall be replaced by the profile specified in Table VI.1 of this Appendix for the diurnal emission test.

    Table VI.1

    Ambient temperature profile of the alternative sequence for sealed fuel tank system

    Time (hours)Temperature (°C)
    0/2420,0
    120,4
    220,8
    321,7
    423,9
    526,1
    628,5
    731,4
    833,8
    935,6
    1037,1
    1138,0
    1237,7
    1336,4
    1434,2
    1531,9
    1629,9
    1728,2
    1826,2
    1924,7
    2023,5
    2122,3
    2221,0
    2320,2

    6.7.

    Stand-alone test procedure for sealed fuel tank systems

    6.7.1

    Measurement of depressurisation puff loss loading mass

    6.7.1.1.

    The procedures in paragraphs 6.6.1.1. to 6.6.1.7.2. of this Appendix shall be performed. The depressurisation puff loss loading mass is defined as the difference in weight of the vehicle canister before paragraph 6.6.1.6. of this Appendix is applied and after paragraph 6.6.1.7.2. of this Appendix is applied.

    6.7.1.2.

    The depressurisation puff loss overflow from the vehicle canister shall be measured in accordance with paragraphs 6.6.1.8.1. and 6.6.1.8.2. of this Appendix and fulfil the requirements of paragraph 6.6.1.8.3. in this Appendix.

    6.7.2.

    Hot soak and diurnal breathing evaporative emissions test

    6.7.2.1.

    In the case that the fuel tank relief pressure is greater than or equal to 30 kPa

    6.7.2.1.1.

    The test shall be performed as described in paragraphs 6.5.1. to 6.5.3. and paragraphs 6.6.1.9. to 6.6.1.9.1. of this Appendix.

    6.7.2.1.2.

    The canister shall be aged in accordance with the sequence described in paragraph 5.1. of this Appendix and shall be loaded and purged in accordance with paragraph 6.6.1.5. of this Appendix.

    6.7.2.1.3.

    The aged canister shall subsequently be loaded in accordance with the procedure described in paragraph 5.1.6. of Annex 7 of UN/ECE Regulation No 83 with the exemption of loading mass. Total loading mass shall be determined in accordance with paragraph 6.7.1.1. of this Appendix. At the request of the manufacturer, the reference fuel may alternatively be used instead of butane. The canister shall be disconnected.

    6.7.2.1.4.

    The procedures in paragraphs 6.6.1.10. to 6.6.1.13. of this Appendix shall be followed.

    6.7.2.2.

    In the case that the fuel tank relief pressure is lower than 30 kPa

    The test shall be performed as described in paragraphs 6.7.2.1.1. to 6.7.2.1.4. of this Appendix. However, in this case, the ambient temperature described in 6.5.9.1. of this Appendix shall be modified pursuant to the profile specified in Table VI.1 of this Appendix for the diurnal emission test.

    7.

    Calculation of evaporative test results

    7.1.

    The evaporative emission tests described in this Annex allow the hydrocarbon emissions from the puff loss overflow, diurnal and hot soak tests to be calculated. Evaporative losses from each of these tests shall be calculated using the initial and final hydrocarbon concentrations, temperatures and pressures in the enclosure, together with the net enclosure volume.

    The following equation shall be used:

    MHC=k×V×CHCf×PfTf−CHCi×PiTi+MHC,out−MHC,in

    where:

    MHC

  • is the mass of hydrocarbons, grams;

    • MHC,out

  • is the mass of hydrocarbons exiting the enclosure in the case of fixed volume enclosures for diurnal emission testing, grams;

    • MHC,in

  • is the mass of hydrocarbon entering the enclosure in the case of fixed volume enclosures for diurnal emission testing, grams;

    • CHC

  • is the measured hydrocarbon concentration in the enclosure, ppm volume in C1 equivalent;

    • V

  • is the net enclosure volume corrected for the volume of the vehicle with the windows and the luggage compartment open, m3. If the volume of the vehicle is not known, a volume of 1,42 m3 shall be subtracted;

    • T

  • is the ambient chamber temperature, K;

    • P

  • is the barometric pressure, kPa;

    • H/C

  • is the hydrogen to carbon ratio

    where:

    H/C

  • is taken to be 2,33 for puff loss overflow measurement in SHED and diurnal test losses;

    • H/C

  • is taken to be 2,20 for hot soak losses;

    • k

  • is 1,2 × 10– 4 × (12 + H/C), in (g × K/(m3 × kPa));

    • i

  • is the initial reading;

    • f

  • is the final reading;

    • 7.2.

    The result of (MHS + MD1 + MD2 + (2 × PF)) shall be below the limit defined in paragraph 6.1.

    8.

    Test report

    The test report shall contain at least the following:

    1. (a)

      Description of the soak periods, including time and mean temperatures;

    2. (b)

      Description of aged canister used and reference to exact ageing report;

    3. (c)

      Mean temperature during the hot soak test;

    4. (d)

      Measurement during hot soak test, HSL;

    5. (e)

      Measurement of first diurnal, DL1st day;

    6. (f)

      Measurement of second diurnal, DL2nd day;

    7. (g)

      Final evaporative test result, calculated in accordance with paragraph 7. of this Appendix;

    8. (h)

      Declared fuel tank relief pressure of the system (for sealed tank systems);

    9. (i)

      Puff loss loading value (in the case of using the stand-alone test described in paragraph 6.7. of this Appendix).

    Annotations

    Textual amendments

    F1

    Substituted by Commission Regulation (EU) 2018/1832 of 5 November 2018 amending Directive 2007/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council, Commission Regulation (EC) No 692/2008 and Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/1151 for the purpose of improving the emission type approval tests and procedures for light passenger and commercial vehicles, including those for in-service conformity and real-driving emissions and introducing devices for monitoring the consumption of fuel and electric energy (Text with EEA relevance).