Article 15 Review and report

an assessment of the effectiveness of the system of emission credits and emission debts referred to in Article 7 and the appropriateness of extending its application to 2030 and beyond;

an assessment of the deployment of zero- and low-emission heavy-duty vehicles, taking into account the targets set out in F3the Cleaner Road Transport Vehicles Regulations 2011 and the Cleaner Road Transport Vehicles (Scotland) Regulations 2010, as well as relevant parameters and conditions affecting the placing on the market of such heavy-duty vehicles;

an assessment of the effectiveness of the incentive mechanism for zero- and low-emission heavy-duty vehicles set out in Article 5 and the appropriateness of its different elements, with a view to adjusting it for the period after 2025 towards a possible differentiation by zero-emission driving range and vehicle sub-group, combined with mileage payload weighting factors, with a date of application that provides at least three years of lead time;

an assessment of the roll-out of the necessary recharging and refuelling infrastructure, of the possibility of introducing engine CO₂ emission performance standards, in particular for vocational vehicles, and of the real-world representativeness of the CO₂ emission and fuel consumption values determined in accordance with Regulation (EU) 2017/2400 F4, as it has effect in domestic law, and as that Regulation has effect in EU law as amended from time to time and by virtue of the Northern Ireland Protocol;

strictly for the purpose of this Regulation, considerations of heavy-duty vehicles and vehicle combinations taking into account weights and dimensions applicable to national transport, for example modular and intermodal concepts, while also assessing possible transport safety and efficiency aspects, intermodal, environmental, infrastructural and rebound effects F5...;

an assessment of the VECTO simulation tool to ensure that this tool is updated continually and in a timely manner;

an assessment of the possibility of developing a specific methodology to include the potential contribution to CO₂ emissions reductions of the use of synthetic and advanced alternative liquid and gaseous renewable fuels, including e-fuels, produced with renewable energy and meeting the sustainability and greenhouse gas emissions saving criteria referred to in F6the Renewable Transport Fuel Obligation Order 2007;

an assessment of the feasibility of introducing an open, transparent and non-discriminatory pooling mechanism between manufacturers;

an assessment of the level of the excess CO₂ emissions premium to ensure that it exceeds the average marginal costs of the technologies needed to meet the CO₂ emissions targets.