Division Essential requirement 2.4.1 Section 1:

‘The rolling stock structures and those of the links between vehicles must be designed in such a way as to protect the passenger and driving compartments in the event of collision or derailment.’

In order to meet this requirement, the vehicle structures are designed with passive safety provisions. The basic principle envisages the possibility of a collision with an obstacle such as a heavy lorry on a level crossing or a rock fall, where the compartments that contain the passengers and driver are subject to minimal deformation. Collision energy shall be absorbed in unoccupied crumple zones designed for such eventualities, which limit deceleration forces and prevent overriding of the vehicle bodies.

The relevant characteristics to validate in respect of this TSI are defined in Section 4.1.7.