Division 7
United Kingdom
In order to reduce/minimise thermal energy consumption, BAT is to use a combination of the following techniques:
| Technique | Applicability | |
|---|---|---|
| a | Applying improved and optimised kiln systems and a smooth and stable kiln process, operating close to the process parameter set points by applying:
| Generally applicable. For existing kilns, the applicability of preheating and precalcination is subject to the kiln system configuration |
| b | Recovering excess heat from kilns, especially from their cooling zone. In particular, the kiln excess heat from the cooling zone (hot air) or from the preheater can be used for drying raw materials | Generally applicable in the cement industry. Recovery of excess heat from the cooling zone is applicable when grate coolers are used. Limited recovery efficiency can be achieved on rotary coolers |
| c | Applying the appropriate number of cyclone stages related to the characteristics and properties of raw material and fuels used | Cyclone preheater stages are applicable to new plants and major upgrades. |
| d | Using fuels with characteristics which have a positive influence on the thermal energy consumption | The technique is generally applicable to the cement kilns subject to fuel availability and for existing kilns subject to the technical possibilities of injecting the fuel into the kiln |
| e | When replacing conventional fuels by waste fuels, using optimised and suitable cement kiln systems for burning wastes | Generally applicable to all cement kiln types |
| f | Minimising bypass flows | Generally applicable to the cement industry |