Division BAT 25 In order to prevent or reduce SOX, HCl and HF emissions to air from the combustion of solid biomass and/or peat, BAT is to use one or a combination of the techniques given below.

United Kingdom

Technique		Description	Applicability
a.	Boiler sorbent injection (in-furnace or in-bed)	See descriptions in Section 8.4	Generally applicable
b.	Duct sorbent injection (DSI)
c.	Spray dry absorber (SDA)
d.	Circulating fluidised bed (CFB) dry scrubber
e.	Wet scrubbing
f.	Flue-gas condenser
g.	Wet flue-gas desulphurisation (wet FGD)		Not applicable to combustion plants operated < 500 h/yr. There may be technical and economic restrictions for retrofitting existing combustion plants operated between 500 h/yr and 1 500 h/yr
h.	Fuel choice		Applicable within the constraints associated with the availability of different types of fuel, which may be impacted by the energy policy of the Member State

Table 10

BAT-associated emission levels (BAT-AELs) for SO₂ emissions to air from the combustion of solid biomass and/or peat

Combustion plant total rated thermal input(MW_th)	BAT-AELs for SO₂ (mg/Nm³)
These BAT-AELs do not apply to plants operated < 1 500 h/yr.
For plants operated < 500 h/yr, these levels are indicative.
For existing plants burning fuels where the average sulphur content is 0,1 wt-% (dry) or higher, the higher end of the BAT-AEL range is 100 mg/Nm³.
For existing plants burning fuels where the average sulphur content is 0,1 wt-% (dry) or higher, the higher end of the BAT-AEL range is 215 mg/Nm³.
For existing plants burning fuels where the average sulphur content is 0,1 wt-% (dry) or higher, the higher end of the BAT-AEL range is 165 mg/Nm³, or 215 mg/Nm³ if those plants have been put into operation no later than 7 January 2014 and/or are FBC boilers combusting peat.
	Yearly average		Daily average or average over the sampling period
	New plant	Existing plant^f1	New plant	Existing plant^f2
< 100	15–70	15–100	30–175	30–215
100–300	< 10–50	< 10–70^f3	< 20–85	< 20–175^f4
≥ 300	< 10–35	< 10–50	< 20–70	< 20–85^f5

Table 11

BAT-associated emission levels (BAT-AELs) for HCl and HF emissions to air from the combustion of solid biomass and/or peat

Combustion plant total rated thermal input(MW_th)	BAT-AELs for HCl (mg/Nm³)^f6 ^f7				BAT-AELs for HF (mg/Nm³)
For plants burning fuels where the average chlorine content is ≥ 0,1 wt-% (dry), or for existing plants co-combusting biomass with sulphur-rich fuel (e.g. peat) or using alkali chloride-converting additives (e.g. elemental sulphur), the higher end of the BAT-AEL range for the yearly average for new plants is 15 mg/Nm³, the higher end of the BAT-AEL range for the yearly average for existing plants is 25 mg/Nm³. The daily average BAT-AEL range does not apply to these plants.
The daily average BAT-AEL range does not apply to plants operated < 1 500 h/yr. The higher end of the BAT-AEL range for the yearly average for new plants operated < 1 500 h/yr is 15 mg/Nm³.
These BAT-AELs do not apply to plants operated < 1 500 h/yr.
The lower end of these BAT-AEL ranges may be difficult to achieve in the case of plants fitted with wet FGD and a downstream gas-gas heater.
For plants operated < 500 h/yr, these levels are indicative.
	Yearly average or average of samples obtained during one year		Daily average or average over the sampling period		Average over the sampling period
	New plant	Existing plant^f8 ^f9	New plant	Existing plant^f10	New plant	Existing plant
< 100	1–7	1–15	1–12	1–35	< 1	< 1,5
100–300	1–5	1–9	1–12	1–12	< 1	< 1
≥ 300	1–5	1–5	1–12	1–12	< 1	< 1

Annotations

Footnotes

f1: These BAT-AELs do not apply to plants operated < 1 500 h/yr.
f2: For plants operated < 500 h/yr, these levels are indicative.
f3: For existing plants burning fuels where the average sulphur content is 0,1 wt-% (dry) or higher, the higher end of the BAT-AEL range is 100 mg/Nm³.
f4: For existing plants burning fuels where the average sulphur content is 0,1 wt-% (dry) or higher, the higher end of the BAT-AEL range is 215 mg/Nm³.
f5: For existing plants burning fuels where the average sulphur content is 0,1 wt-% (dry) or higher, the higher end of the BAT-AEL range is 165 mg/Nm³, or 215 mg/Nm³ if those plants have been put into operation no later than 7 January 2014 and/or are FBC boilers combusting peat.
f6: For plants burning fuels where the average chlorine content is ≥ 0,1 wt-% (dry), or for existing plants co-combusting biomass with sulphur-rich fuel (e.g. peat) or using alkali chloride-converting additives (e.g. elemental sulphur), the higher end of the BAT-AEL range for the yearly average for new plants is 15 mg/Nm³, the higher end of the BAT-AEL range for the yearly average for existing plants is 25 mg/Nm³. The daily average BAT-AEL range does not apply to these plants.
f7: The daily average BAT-AEL range does not apply to plants operated < 1 500 h/yr. The higher end of the BAT-AEL range for the yearly average for new plants operated < 1 500 h/yr is 15 mg/Nm³.
f8: These BAT-AELs do not apply to plants operated < 1 500 h/yr.
f9: The lower end of these BAT-AEL ranges may be difficult to achieve in the case of plants fitted with wet FGD and a downstream gas-gas heater.
f10: For plants operated < 500 h/yr, these levels are indicative.