Division DEFINITIONS

United Kingdom

For the purposes of these BAT conclusions, the following general definitions apply:

Term	Definition
Directive 2008/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 November 2008 on waste and repealing certain Directives (OJ L 312, 22.11.2008, p. 3).
General terms
Boiler efficiency	Ratio between the energy produced at the boiler output (e.g. steam, hot water) and the waste’s and auxiliary fuel’s energy input to the furnace (as lower heating values).
Bottom ash treatment plant	Plant treating slags and/or bottom ashes from the incineration of waste in order to separate and recover the valuable fraction and to allow the beneficial use of the remaining fraction. This does not include the sole separation of coarse metals at the incineration plant.
Clinical waste	Infectious or otherwise hazardous waste arising from healthcare institutions (e.g. hospitals).
Channelled emissions	Emissions of pollutants into the environment through any kind of duct, pipe, stack, chimney, funnel, flue, etc.
Continuous measurement	Measurement using an automated measuring system permanently installed on site.
Diffuse emissions	Non-channelled emissions (e.g. of dust, volatile compounds, odour) into the environment, which can result from ‘area’ sources (e.g. tankers) or ‘point’ sources (e.g. pipe flanges).
Existing plant	A plant that is not a new plant.
Fly ashes	Particles from the combustion chamber or formed within the flue-gas stream that are transported in the flue-gas.
Hazardous waste	Hazardous waste as defined in Article 3(2) of Directive 2008/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council^f1.
Incineration of waste	The combustion of waste, either alone or in combination with fuels, in an incineration plant.
Incineration plant	Either a waste incineration plant as defined in Article 3(40) of Directive 2010/75/EU or a waste co-incineration plant as defined in Article 3(41) of Directive 2010/75/EU, covered by the scope of these BAT conclusions.
Major plant upgrade	A major change in the design or technology of a plant with major adjustments or replacements of the process and/or abatement technique(s) and associated equipment.
Municipal solid waste	Solid waste from households (mixed or separately collected) as well as solid waste from other sources that is comparable to household waste in nature and composition.
New plant	A plant first permitted following the publication of these BAT conclusions or a complete replacement of a plant following the publication of these BAT conclusions.
Other non-hazardous waste	Non-hazardous waste that is neither municipal solid waste nor sewage sludge.
Part of an incineration plant	For the purposes of determining the gross electrical efficiency or the gross energy efficiency of an incineration plant, a part of it may refer for example to: an incineration line and its steam system in isolation; a part of the steam system, connected to one or more boilers, routed to a condensing turbine; the rest of the same steam system that is used for a different purpose, e.g. the steam is directly exported.
Periodic measurement	Measurement at specified time intervals using manual or automated methods.
Residues	Any liquid or solid waste which is generated by an incineration plant or by a bottom ash treatment plant.
Sensitive receptor	Area which needs special protection, such as: residential areas; areas where human activities are carried out (e.g. neighbouring workplaces, schools, daycare centres, recreational areas, hospitals or nursing homes).
Sewage sludge	Residual sludge from the storage, handling and treatment of domestic, urban or industrial waste water. For the purposes of these BAT conclusions, residual sludges constituting hazardous waste are excluded.
Slags and/or bottom ashes	Solid residues removed from the furnace once wastes have been incinerated.
Valid half-hourly average	A half-hourly average is considered valid when there is no maintenance or malfunction of the automated measuring system.

Term	Definition
Regulation (EC) No 850/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 on persistent organic pollutants and amending Directive 79/117/EEC (OJ L 158, 30.4.2004, p. 7).
Pollutants and parameters
As	The sum of arsenic and its compounds, expressed as As.
Cd	The sum of cadmium and its compounds, expressed as Cd.
Cd+Tl	The sum of cadmium, thallium and their compounds, expressed as Cd+Tl.
CO	Carbon monoxide.
Cr	The sum of chromium and its compounds, expressed as Cr.
Cu	The sum of copper and its compounds, expressed as Cu.
Dioxin-like PCBs	PCBs showing a similar toxicity to the 2,3,7,8-substituted PCDD/PCDF according to the World Health Organization (WHO).
Dust	Total particulate matter (in air).
HCl	Hydrogen chloride.
HF	Hydrogen fluoride.
Hg	The sum of mercury and its compounds, expressed as Hg.
Loss on ignition	Change in mass as a result of heating a sample under specified conditions.
N₂O	Dinitrogen monoxide (nitrous oxide).
NH₃	Ammonia.
NH₄-N	Ammonium nitrogen, expressed as N, includes free ammonia (NH₃) and ammonium (NH₄ ⁺).
Ni	The sum of nickel and its compounds, expressed as Ni.
NO_X	The sum of nitrogen monoxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), expressed as NO₂.
Pb	The sum of lead and its compounds, expressed as Pb.
PBDD/F	Polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and –furans.
PCBs	Polychlorinated biphenyls.
PCDD/F	Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and -furans.
POPs	Persistent Organic Pollutants as listed in Annex IV to Regulation (EC) No 850/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council^f2 and its amendments.
Sb	The sum of antimony and its compounds, expressed as Sb.
Sb+As+Pb+Cr+Co+Cu+Mn+Ni+V	The sum of antimony, arsenic, lead, chromium, cobalt, copper, manganese, nickel, vanadium and their compounds, expressed as Sb+As+Pb+Cr+Co+Cu+Mn+Ni+V.
SO₂	Sulphur dioxide.
Sulphate (SO₄ ^2-)	Dissolved sulphate, expressed as SO₄ ^2-.
TOC	Total organic carbon, expressed as C (in water); includes all organic compounds.
TOC content (in solid residues)	Total organic carbon content. The quantity of carbon that is converted into carbon dioxide by combustion and which is not liberated as carbon dioxide by acid treatment.
TSS	Total suspended solids. Mass concentration of all suspended solids (in water), measured via filtration through glass fibre filters and gravimetry.
Tl	The sum of thallium and its compounds, expressed as Tl.
TVOC	Total volatile organic carbon, expressed as C (in air).
Zn	The sum of zinc and its compounds, expressed as Zn.

Annotations

Footnotes

f1: Directive 2008/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 November 2008 on waste and repealing certain Directives (OJ L 312, 22.11.2008, p. 3).
f2: Regulation (EC) No 850/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 on persistent organic pollutants and amending Directive 79/117/EEC (OJ L 158, 30.4.2004, p. 7).