Annex IX SPECIFICATIONS OF REFERENCE FUELS

United Kingdom

F1Technical data on fuels for testing compression ignition and dual-fuel engines

Parameter	Unit	Limits ^f1		Test method
F2Type: Diesel (B7)
The values quoted in the specifications are ‘ true values ’ . In establishment of their limit values the terms of ISO 4259 Petroleum products – Determination and application of precision data in relation to methods of test have been applied and in fixing a minimum value, a minimum difference of 2R above zero has been taken into account; in fixing a maximum and minimum value, the minimum difference is 4R (R = reproducibility). Notwithstanding this measure, which is necessary for technical reasons, the manufacturer of fuels shall nevertheless aim at a zero value where the stipulated maximum value is 2R and at the mean value in the case of quotations of maximum and minimum limits. Should it be necessary to clarify whether a fuel meets the requirements of the specifications, the terms of ISO 4259 shall be applied.
The range for cetane number is not in accordance with the requirements of a minimum range of 4R. However, in the case of a dispute between fuel supplier and fuel user, the terms of ISO 4259 may be used to resolve such disputes provided replicate measurements, of sufficient number to archive the necessary precision, are made in preference to single determinations.
Even though oxidation stability is controlled, it is likely that shelf life will be limited. Advice shall be sought from the supplier as to storage conditions and life.
FAME content to meet the specification of EN 14214.
Parameter	Unit	Minimum	Maximum	Test method
Cetane Index		46,0		EN ISO 4264
Cetane number ^f2		52,0	56,0	EN ISO 5165
Density at 15 °C	kg/m ³	833,0	837,0	EN ISO 12185
Distillation:
— 50 % point	°C	245,0	—	EN ISO 3405
— 95 % point	°C	345,0	360,0	EN ISO 3405
— final boiling point	°C	—	370,0	EN ISO 3405
Flash point	°C	55	—	EN ISO 2719
Cloud point	°C	—	– 10	EN 23015
Viscosity at 40 °C	mm ² /s	2,3	3,3	EN ISO 3104
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons	% m/m	2,0	4,0	EN 12916
Sulphur content	mg/kg	—	10,0	EN ISO 20846 EN ISO 20884
Copper corrosion 3hrs, 50 °C		—	Class 1	EN ISO 2160
Conradson carbon residue (10 % DR)	% m/m	—	0,2	EN ISO 10370
Ash content	% m/m	—	0,01	EN ISO 6245
Total contamination	mg/kg	—	24	EN 12662
Water content	mg/kg	—	200	EN ISO 12937
Acid number	mg KOH/g	—	0,1	EN ISO 6618
Lubricity (HFRR wear scan diameter at 60 °C)	μm	—	400	EN ISO 12156
Oxidation stability at 110 °C ^f3	h	20,0		EN 15751
FAME ^f4	% v/v	6,0	7,0	EN 14078

Parameter	Unit	Limits^f6		Test method^f7
Type: Ethanol for dedicated compression-ignition engines (ED95) ^f5
Additives, such as cetane improver as specified by the engine manufacturer, may be added to the ethanol fuel, as long as no negative side effects are known. If these conditions are satisfied, the maximum allowed amount is 10 % m/m.
The values quoted in the specifications are ‘true values’. In establishment of their limit values the terms of ISO 4259 Petroleum products — Determination and application of precision data in relation to methods of test have been applied and in fixing a minimum value, a minimum difference of 2R above zero has been taken into account; in fixing a maximum and minimum value, the minimum difference is 4R (R = reproducibility). Notwithstanding this measure, which is necessary for technical reasons, the manufacturer of fuels shall nevertheless aim at a zero value where the stipulated maximum value is 2R and at the mean value in the case of quotations of maximum and minimum limits. Should it be necessary to clarify whether a fuel meets the requirements of the specifications, the terms of ISO 4259 shall be applied.
Equivalent EN/ISO methods will be adopted when issued for properties listed above.
Should it be necessary to clarify whether a fuel meets the requirements of the specifications, the terms of EN 15489 shall be applied.
		Minimum	Maximum	Test method^f7
Total alcohol (Ethanol incl. content on higher saturated alcohols)	% m/m	92,4		EN 15721
Other higher saturated mono-alcohols (C₃-C₅)	% m/m		2,0	EN 15721
Methanol	% m/m		0,3	EN 15721
Density at 15 °C	kg/m³	793,0	815,0	EN-ISO 12185
Acidity, calculated as acetic acid	% m/m		0,0025	EN 15491
Appearance		Bright and clear
Flashpoint	°C	10		EN 3679
Dry residue	mg/kg		15	EN 15691
Water content	% m/m		6,5	EN 15489^f8 EN-ISO 12937 EN 15692
Aldehydes calculated as acetaldehyde	% m/m		0,0050	ISO 1388-4
Esters calculated as ethylacetat	% m/m		0,1	ASTM D1617
Sulphur content	mg/kg		10,0	EN 15485 EN 15486
Sulphates	mg/kg		4,0	EN 15492
Particulate contamination	mg/kg		24	EN 12662
Phosphorus	mg/l		0,2	EN 15487
Inorganic chloride	mg/kg		1,0	EN 15484 or EN 15492
Copper	mg/kg		0,1	EN 15488
Electrical Conductivity	μS/cm		2,5	DIN 51627-4 or prEN 15938

Technical data on fuels for testing positive ignition and dual-fuel engines

Parameter	Unit	Limits ^f9		Test method
Type: Petrol (E10)
The values quoted in the specifications are ‘ true values ’ . In establishment of their limit values the terms of ISO 4259 Petroleum products - Determination and application of precision data in relation to methods of test have been applied and in fixing a minimum value, a minimum difference of 2R above zero has been taken into account; in fixing a maximum and minimum value, the minimum difference is 4R (R = reproducibility). Notwithstanding this measure, which is necessary for technical reasons, the manufacturer of fuels shall nevertheless aim at a zero value where the stipulated maximum value is 2R and at the mean value in the case of quotations of maximum and minimum limits. Should it be necessary to clarify whether a fuel meets the requirements of the specifications, the terms of ISO 4259 shall be applied.
A correction factor of 0,2 for MON and RON shall be subtracted for the calculation of the final result in accordance with EN 228:2008.
The fuel may contain oxidation inhibitors and metal deactivators normally used to stabilise refinery gasoline streams, but detergent/dispersive additives and solvent oils shall not be added.
Ethanol is the only oxygenate that shall be intentionally added to the reference fuel. The ethanol used shall conform to EN 15376.
The actual sulphur content of the fuel used for the Type 6 test shall be reported.
There shall be no intentional addition of compounds containing phosphorus, iron, manganese, or lead to this reference fuel.
( ² ) Equivalent EN/ISO methods will be adopted when issued for properties listed above.
Parameter	Unit	Minimum	Maximum	Test method
Research octane number, RON ^f10		95,0	98,0	EN ISO 5164
Motor octane number, MON		85,0	89,0	EN ISO 5163
Density at 15 °C	kg/m ³	743,0	756,0	EN ISO 12185
Vapour pressure (DVPE)	kPa	56,0	60,0	EN 13016-1
Water content		max 0,05 % v/v Appearance at – 7 °C: clear and bright		EN 12937
Distillation:
— evaporated at 70 °C	% v/v	34,0	46,0	EN ISO 3405
— evaporated at 100 °C	% v/v	54,0	62,0	EN ISO 3405
— evaporated at 150 °C	% v/v	86,0	94,0	EN ISO 3405
— final boiling point	°C	170	195	EN ISO 3405
Residue	% v/v	—	2,0	EN ISO 3405
Hydrocarbon analysis:
— olefins	% v/v	6,0	13,0	EN 22854
— aromatics	% v/v	25,0	32,0	EN 22854
— benzene	% v/v	—	1,0	EN 22854 EN 238
— saturates	% v/v	report		EN 22854
Carbon/hydrogen ratio		report
Carbon/oxygen ratio		report
Induction Period ^f11	minutes	480	—	EN ISO 7536
Oxygen content ^f12	% m/m	3,3	3,7	EN 22854
Solvent washed gum (Existent gum content)	mg/100 ml	—	4	EN ISO 6246
Sulphur content ^f13	mg/kg	—	10	EN ISO 20846 EN ISO 20884
Copper corrosion 3hrs, 50 °C		—	class 1	EN ISO 2160
Lead content	mg/l	—	5	EN 237
Phosphorus content ^f14	mg/l	—	1,3	ASTM D 3231
Ethanol	% v/v	9,0	10,0	EN 22854

Parameter	Unit	Limits^f15		Test method
Type: Ethanol (E85)
The values quoted in the specifications are ‘true values’. In establishment of their limit values the terms of ISO 4259 Petroleum products — Determination and application of precision data in relation to methods of test have been applied and in fixing a minimum value, a minimum difference of 2R above zero has been taken into account; in fixing a maximum and minimum value, the minimum difference is 4R (R = reproducibility). Notwithstanding this measure, which is necessary for technical reasons, the manufacturer of fuels shall nevertheless aim at a zero value where the stipulated maximum value is 2R and at the mean value in the case of quotations of maximum and minimum limits. Should it be necessary to clarify whether a fuel meets the requirements of the specifications, the terms of ISO 4259 shall be applied.
The actual sulphur content of the fuel used for the emission tests shall be reported.
Ethanol to meet specification of EN 15376 is the only oxygenate that shall be intentionally added to this reference fuel.
The unleaded petrol content can be determined as 100 minus the sum of the percentage content of water, alcohols, MTBE and ETBE.
There shall be no intentional addition of compounds containing phosphorus, iron, manganese, or lead to this reference fuel.
Parameter	Unit	Minimum	Maximum	Test method
Research octane number, RON		95,0	—	EN-ISO 5164
Motor octane number, MON		85,0	—	EN-ISO 5163
Density at 15 °C	kg/m³	Report		ISO 3675
Vapour pressure	kPa	40,0	60,0	EN-ISO 13016-1 (DVPE)
Sulphur content^f16	mg/kg	—	10	EN 15485 or EN 15486
Oxidation stability	Minutes	360		EN-ISO 7536
Existent gum content (solvent washed)	mg/100 ml	—	5	EN-ISO 6246
Appearance This shall be determined at ambient temperature or 15 °C whichever is higher.		Clear and bright, visibly free of suspended or precipitated contaminants		Visual inspection
Ethanol and higher alcohols^f17	% v/v	83	85	EN 1601 EN 13132 EN 14517 E DIN 51627-3
Higher alcohols (C₃-C₈)	% v/v	—	2,0	E DIN 51627-3
Methanol	% v/v		1,0	E DIN 51627-3
Petrol^f18	% v/v	Balance		EN 228
Phosphorus	mg/l	0,2^f19		EN 15487
Water content	% v/v		0,3	EN 15489 or EN 15692
Inorganic chloride content	mg/l		1	EN 15492
pHe		6,5	9,0	EN 15490
Copper strip corrosion (3 h at 50 °C)	Rating	Class 1		EN ISO 2160
Acidity, (as acetic acid CH₃COOH)	% m/m (mg/l)	—	0,005 (40)	EN 15491
Electric Conductivity	μS/cm	1,5		DIN 51627-4 or prEN 15938
Carbon/hydrogen ratio		report
Carbon/oxygen ratio		report

Parameter	Unit	Fuel A	Fuel B	Test method
Type: LPG
Balance shall be read as follows: balance = 100 - C₃ - < C₃ - > C₄.
This method may not accurately determine the presence of corrosive materials if the sample contains corrosion inhibitors or other chemicals which diminish the corrosivity of the sample to the copper strip. Therefore, the addition of such compounds for the sole purpose of biasing the test method is prohibited.
At the request of the engine manufacturer, a higher MON could be used to perform the type-approval tests.
Composition:				EN 27941
C₃-content	% v/v	30 ± 2	85 ± 2
C₄-content	% v/v	Balance^f20	Balance
< C₃, > C₄	% v/v	Maximum 2	Maximum 2
Olefins	% v/v	Maximum 12	Maximum 15
Evaporation residue	mg/kg	Maximum 50	Maximum 50	EN 15470
Water at 0 °C		Free	Free	EN 15469
Total sulphur content including odorant	mg/kg	Maximum 10	Maximum 10	EN 24260, ASTM D 3246 ASTM 6667
Hydrogen sulphide		None	None	EN-ISO 8819
Copper strip corrosion (1 h at 40 °C)	Rating	Class 1	Class 1	ISO 6251^f21
Odour		Characteristic	Characteristic
Motor octane number^f22		Minimum 89,0	Minimum 89,0	EN 589 Annex B

Characteristics	Units	Basis	Limits		Test method
Type: Natural gas/biomethane
Notes:
Inerts + C ₂₊
Value to be determined at standard conditions 293,2 K (20 °C) and 101,3 kPa.
Characteristics	Units	Basis	minimum	maximum	Test method
Reference fuel G _R
Composition:
Methane		87	84	89
Ethane		13	11	15
Balance ^f23	% mole	—	—	1	ISO 6974
Sulphur content	mg/m ³ ^f24	—		10	ISO 6326-5

Reference fuel G ₂₃
Notes:
Inerts (different from N ₂ ) + C ₂ + C ₂₊
Value to be determined at 293,2 K (20 °C) and 101,3 kPa.
Composition:
Methane		92,5	91,5	93,5
Balance ^f25	% mole	—	—	1	ISO 6974
N ₂	% mole	7,5	6,5	8,5
Sulphur content	mg/m ³ ^f26	—	—	10	ISO 6326-5

Reference fuel G ₂₅
Notes:
Inerts (different from N ₂ ) + C ₂ + C ₂₊
Value to be determined at 293,2 K (20 °C) and 101,3 kPa.
Composition:
Methane	% mole	86	84	88
Balance ^f27	% mole	—	—	1	ISO 6974
N ₂	% mole	14	12	16
Sulphur content	mg/m ³ ^f28	—	—	10	ISO 6326-5

Reference fuel G ₂₀
Notes:
Inerts (different from N ₂ ) + C ₂ + C ₂ +.
Value to be determined at 293,2 K (20 °C) and 101,3 kPa.
Value to be determined at 273,2 K (0 °C) and 101,3 kPa.
Composition:
Methane	% mole	100	99	100	ISO 6974
Balance ^f29	% mole	—	—	1	ISO 6974
N ₂	% mole				ISO 6974
Sulphur content	mg/m ³ ^f30	—	—	10	ISO 6326-5
Wobbe Index (net)	MJ/m ³ ^f31	48,2	47,2	49,2

Annotations

Textual amendments

F1: Substituted by Commission Regulation (EU) No 133/2014 of 31 January 2014 amending, for the purposes of adapting to technical progress as regards emission limits, Directive 2007/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council, Regulation (EC) No 595/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council and Commission Regulation (EU) No 582/2011 (Text with EEA relevance).
F2: Substituted by Commission Regulation (EU) No 136/2014 of 11 February 2014 amending Directive 2007/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council, Commission Regulation (EC) No 692/2008 as regards emissions from light passenger and commercial vehicles (Euro 5 and Euro 6) and Commission Regulation (EU) No 582/2011 as regards emissions from heavy duty vehicles (Euro VI) (Text with EEA relevance).

Footnotes

f1: The values quoted in the specifications are ‘ true values ’ . In establishment of their limit values the terms of ISO 4259 Petroleum products – Determination and application of precision data in relation to methods of test have been applied and in fixing a minimum value, a minimum difference of 2R above zero has been taken into account; in fixing a maximum and minimum value, the minimum difference is 4R (R = reproducibility). Notwithstanding this measure, which is necessary for technical reasons, the manufacturer of fuels shall nevertheless aim at a zero value where the stipulated maximum value is 2R and at the mean value in the case of quotations of maximum and minimum limits. Should it be necessary to clarify whether a fuel meets the requirements of the specifications, the terms of ISO 4259 shall be applied.
f2: The range for cetane number is not in accordance with the requirements of a minimum range of 4R. However, in the case of a dispute between fuel supplier and fuel user, the terms of ISO 4259 may be used to resolve such disputes provided replicate measurements, of sufficient number to archive the necessary precision, are made in preference to single determinations.
f3: Even though oxidation stability is controlled, it is likely that shelf life will be limited. Advice shall be sought from the supplier as to storage conditions and life.
f4: FAME content to meet the specification of EN 14214.
f5: Additives, such as cetane improver as specified by the engine manufacturer, may be added to the ethanol fuel, as long as no negative side effects are known. If these conditions are satisfied, the maximum allowed amount is 10 % m/m.
f6: The values quoted in the specifications are ‘true values’. In establishment of their limit values the terms of ISO 4259 Petroleum products — Determination and application of precision data in relation to methods of test have been applied and in fixing a minimum value, a minimum difference of 2R above zero has been taken into account; in fixing a maximum and minimum value, the minimum difference is 4R (R = reproducibility). Notwithstanding this measure, which is necessary for technical reasons, the manufacturer of fuels shall nevertheless aim at a zero value where the stipulated maximum value is 2R and at the mean value in the case of quotations of maximum and minimum limits. Should it be necessary to clarify whether a fuel meets the requirements of the specifications, the terms of ISO 4259 shall be applied.
f7: Equivalent EN/ISO methods will be adopted when issued for properties listed above.
f8: Should it be necessary to clarify whether a fuel meets the requirements of the specifications, the terms of EN 15489 shall be applied.
f9: The values quoted in the specifications are ‘ true values ’ . In establishment of their limit values the terms of ISO 4259 Petroleum products - Determination and application of precision data in relation to methods of test have been applied and in fixing a minimum value, a minimum difference of 2R above zero has been taken into account; in fixing a maximum and minimum value, the minimum difference is 4R (R = reproducibility). Notwithstanding this measure, which is necessary for technical reasons, the manufacturer of fuels shall nevertheless aim at a zero value where the stipulated maximum value is 2R and at the mean value in the case of quotations of maximum and minimum limits. Should it be necessary to clarify whether a fuel meets the requirements of the specifications, the terms of ISO 4259 shall be applied.
f10: A correction factor of 0,2 for MON and RON shall be subtracted for the calculation of the final result in accordance with EN 228:2008.
f11: The fuel may contain oxidation inhibitors and metal deactivators normally used to stabilise refinery gasoline streams, but detergent/dispersive additives and solvent oils shall not be added.
f12: Ethanol is the only oxygenate that shall be intentionally added to the reference fuel. The ethanol used shall conform to EN 15376.
f13: The actual sulphur content of the fuel used for the Type 6 test shall be reported.
f14: There shall be no intentional addition of compounds containing phosphorus, iron, manganese, or lead to this reference fuel.
f15: The values quoted in the specifications are ‘true values’. In establishment of their limit values the terms of ISO 4259 Petroleum products — Determination and application of precision data in relation to methods of test have been applied and in fixing a minimum value, a minimum difference of 2R above zero has been taken into account; in fixing a maximum and minimum value, the minimum difference is 4R (R = reproducibility). Notwithstanding this measure, which is necessary for technical reasons, the manufacturer of fuels shall nevertheless aim at a zero value where the stipulated maximum value is 2R and at the mean value in the case of quotations of maximum and minimum limits. Should it be necessary to clarify whether a fuel meets the requirements of the specifications, the terms of ISO 4259 shall be applied.
f16: The actual sulphur content of the fuel used for the emission tests shall be reported.
f17: Ethanol to meet specification of EN 15376 is the only oxygenate that shall be intentionally added to this reference fuel.
f18: The unleaded petrol content can be determined as 100 minus the sum of the percentage content of water, alcohols, MTBE and ETBE.
f19: There shall be no intentional addition of compounds containing phosphorus, iron, manganese, or lead to this reference fuel.
f20: Balance shall be read as follows: balance = 100 - C₃ - < C₃ - > C₄.
f21: This method may not accurately determine the presence of corrosive materials if the sample contains corrosion inhibitors or other chemicals which diminish the corrosivity of the sample to the copper strip. Therefore, the addition of such compounds for the sole purpose of biasing the test method is prohibited.
f22: At the request of the engine manufacturer, a higher MON could be used to perform the type-approval tests.
f23: Inerts + C ₂₊
f24: Value to be determined at standard conditions 293,2 K (20 °C) and 101,3 kPa.
f25: Inerts (different from N ₂ ) + C ₂ + C ₂₊
f26: Value to be determined at 293,2 K (20 °C) and 101,3 kPa.
f27: Inerts (different from N ₂ ) + C ₂ + C ₂₊
f28: Value to be determined at 293,2 K (20 °C) and 101,3 kPa.
f29: Inerts (different from N ₂ ) + C ₂ + C ₂ +.
f30: Value to be determined at 293,2 K (20 °C) and 101,3 kPa.
f31: Value to be determined at 273,2 K (0 °C) and 101,3 kPa.