OpenLegislation

Land Drainage Act 1991

1991 c. 59 · Enacted 25 July 1991 · Extends to England and Wales

Not fully up to date. 11 changes made by later legislation have not yet been written into this text, which is revised to 30 July 2026.

See the changes not yet applied
ProvisionChangeMade by
s. 37(5)words insertedEnvironment (Wales) Act 2016 s. 83(2)(a)
s. 65(2)words insertedEnvironment (Wales) Act 2016 s. 83(3)
s. 37(5A)-(5D)insertedEnvironment (Wales) Act 2016 s. 83(2)(b)
s. 23(2)words substitutedFlood and Water Management Act 2010 Sch. 2 para. 32(4)
s. 37(5)words inserted by 2016 anaw 3, s. 83(2)(a) (as substituted)Environment Act 2021 s. 95(2)(a)
s. 37(5D)(5E)substituted in earlier affecting provision 2016 anaw 3, s. 83(2)(b)Environment Act 2021 s. 95(2)(b)(ii)
s. 65(2)words inserted by 2016 anaw 3, s. 83(3) (as substituted)Environment Act 2021 s. 95(3)
s. 37(5A)substituted in earlier affecting provision 2016 anaw 3, s. 83(2)(b)Environment Act 2021 s. 95(2)(b)(i)
s. 37(5B)(5C)words substituted in earlier affecting provision 2016 anaw 3, s. 83(2)(b)Environment Act 2021 s. 95(2)(b)(ii)
s. 23excludedGreen Hill Solar Farm 2026 art. 6(1)
s. 32excludedGreen Hill Solar Farm 2026 art. 6(1)

An Act to consolidate the enactments relating to internal drainage boards, and to the functions of such boards and of local authorities in relation to land drainage, with amendments to give effect to recommendations of the Law Commission.

[25th July 1991] I1

C1C2C3C4C5C6C7C8C9C10BE IT ENACTED by the Queen’s most Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons, in this present Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows:—C11C12

Annotations to the whole text

Modifications

C1

[A table showing the derivation of the provisions of this Consolidation Act will be found at the end of the Act. The table has no official status.]

C2

Act restricted(01.12.91)by Water Resources Act 1991 (c. 57, SIF 130), ss. 15(2)(a), 225(2).

C3

Act restricted(01.12.91)by Water Resources Act 1991 (c. 57, SIF 130), ss. 18(2), 225(2).

C4

Act modified(01.12.91)by Water Resources Act 1991 (c. 57, SIF 130), ss. 137(4), 225(2).

C5

Act excluded(01.12.91)by Water Consolidation (Consequential Provisions) Act 1991 (c. 60, SIF 130), ss. 2(2), 4(2), Sch. 2 Pt. II para. 15(1).

C6

Act modified(01.12.91)by Water Consolidation (Consequential Provisions) Act 1991 (c. 60, SIF 130), ss. 2(2), 4(2), Sch. 2 Pt. II para. 15(2).

C7

Act: definition applied(01.12.91)by Water Consolidation (Consequential Provisions) Act 1991 (c. 60, SIF 130), ss. 2(2), 4(2), Sch. 2 Pt. II para. 16(5).

C8

Act definition of "watercourse" applied by London Docklands Railway Act 1991 (c. xxiii), s. 14(1)

C9

Act: certain functions transferred (1.4.1996) by 1995 c. 25, s. 2(1)(a)(iii) (with ss. 115, 117); S.I. 1996/186, art. 3

C10

Act: certain functions transferred (1.7.1999) by S.I. 1999/672, art. 2 Sch. 1

C11

Act: amendment to earlier affecting provision SI 1999/672 Sch. 1 (1.4.2004) by Water Act 2003 (c. 37), ss. 100(6), 105(3); S.I. 2004/641, art. 3(x) (with Sch. 3 para. 7)

C12

Act power to amend conferred (1.10.2010) by Flood and Water Management Act 2010 (c. 29), ss. 28, 49(3) (with s. 49(1)(6)); S.I. 2010/2169, art. 4, Sch.

Commencement

I1

Act wholly in force at 1.12.1991 see s. 76(2).

Contents

  1. Part I: INTERNAL DRAINAGE BOARDS
  2. Constitution etc. of boards
  3. 1Internal drainage districts and boards.
  4. 2Review of boundaries of internal drainage districts.
  5. 3Schemes for reorganisation of internal drainage districts etc.
  6. 4Powers to make the appropriate supervisory body a drainage board.
  7. 5Transfer of functions etc. back from the appropriate supervisory body.
  8. 6Schemes and orders under sections 3 to 5: compensation for loss of office.
  9. General provision with respect to functions of drainage boards
  10. 7Supervision of drainage boards by the appropriate supervisory body.
  11. 8Concurrent powers of Agency. Repealed
  12. 9Default powers of the appropriate supervisory body.
  13. 10Exercise of default powers by local authorities.
  14. 11Arrangements between drainage authorities.
  15. Duties with respect to the environment and recreation
  16. 12. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Repealed
  17. 13. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Repealed
  18. Part II: PROVISIONS FOR FACILITATING OR SECURING THE DRAINAGE OF LAND
  19. General powers
  20. 14General drainage powers of boards and local authorities.
  21. 14AGeneral powers: flood risk management works
  22. 15Disposal of spoil by boards and local authorities.
  23. 16Exercise of local authority powers under sections 14 and 15.
  24. 17Supervision of local authority powers under sections 14 to 16. Repealed
  25. 18Drainage of small areas.
  26. 19Arrangements as to works etc. with navigation and conservancy authorities.
  27. 20Arrangements with other persons for carrying out drainage works.
  28. 21Enforcement of obligations to repair watercourses, bridges, etc.
  29. 22Powers of Ministers to authorise landowners to carry out drainage works.
  30. Control of flow of watercourses etc.
  31. 23Prohibition on obstructions etc. in watercourses
  32. 24Contraventions of prohibition on obstructions etc.
  33. 25Powers to require works for maintaining flow of watercourse.
  34. 26Competing jurisdictions under section 25. Repealed
  35. 27Appeals against notices under section 25.
  36. Restoration and improvement of ditches
  37. 28Orders requiring the cleansing of ditches etc.
  38. 29Effect of order under section 28.
  39. 30Authorisation of drainage works in connection with a ditch.
  40. 31Composition and incidental powers ....
  41. Part III: POWERS TO MODIFY EXISTING OBLIGATIONS
  42. 32Variation of awards.
  43. 33Commutation of obligations.
  44. 34Financial consequences of commutation.
  45. 35Powers to vary navigation rights.
  46. Part IV: FINANCIAL PROVISIONS
  47. Chapter I: PROVISION FOR THE EXPENSES OF INTERNAL DRAINAGE BOARDS
  48. Raising and apportionment of expenses
  49. 36Raising of the expenses of internal drainage boards.
  50. 37Apportionment of drainage expenses.
  51. Disclosure of Revenue and Customs information
  52. 37ADisclosure of Revenue and Customs information
  53. 37BRestrictions on onward disclosure of Revenue and Customs information
  54. 37CFurther provisions about disclosure under section 37A or 37B
  55. Division of district for purposes of drainage rates and special levies
  56. 38Orders sub-dividing a district for the purposes of raising expenses.
  57. 39Petition for sub-division of internal drainage district.
  58. Chapter II: DRAINAGE RATES
  59. Levying of drainage rates
  60. 40Levying of drainage rates.
  61. 41Rates charged by reference to annual value of agricultural land and buildings.
  62. 41AAlternative method of calculating annual value of agricultural land and buildings
  63. Determination and modification of annual value
  64. 42Determination of annual value.
  65. 43Adjustment of annual values to secure fair distribution of rating burden.
  66. 44Effect of determinations under section 43.
  67. 45Appeals against determinations of annual value.
  68. 46Hearing and determination of appeals under section 45.
  69. Power to grant exemptions from rating
  70. 47Power to grant exemptions from rating.
  71. Making and assessment of rates
  72. 48Procedure for making of rate.
  73. 49Assessment for rating.
  74. 50Amendments as respects drainage rates.
  75. 51Other appeals against drainage rates.
  76. Supplemental and enforcement provisions
  77. 52Registers of drainage hereditaments.
  78. 53Power to require information.
  79. 54Powers for enforcing payment.
  80. Chapter III: FURTHER FINANCIAL PROVISIONS
  81. 55Powers of internal drainage boards and local authorities to borrow etc.
  82. 56Concurrent power of boards to impose navigation tolls.
  83. 57Contributions by the appropriate agency to expenses of internal drainage boards.
  84. 58Allocation of appropriate agency revenue for its functions as an internal drainage board
  85. 59Grants to drainage bodies.
  86. 60Power of local authority to contribute to expenses of drainage works.
  87. 61Land drainage expenses of local authorities.
  88. Part IVA: Duties with respect to the environment and recreation
  89. 61ADuties in relation to drainage boards.
  90. 61BDuties in relation to local authorities.
  91. 61CDuties with respect to sites of special scientific interest.
  92. 61DMinisterial directions to drainage boards.
  93. 61ECodes of practice.
  94. Part V: MISCELLANEOUS AND SUPPLEMENTAL
  95. Powers to acquire and dispose of land
  96. 61FPowers of internal drainage boards and local authorities to facilitate spray irrigation.
  97. 62Powers of internal drainage boards and local authorities to acquire land.
  98. 63Power of internal drainage boards to dispose of land.
  99. 64Powers of entry for internal drainage boards and local authorities.
  100. Subordinate legislation
  101. 65Land drainage regulations.
  102. 66Powers to make byelaws.
  103. 66AAlternative procedure for byelaws made by internal drainage boards
  104. Protective provisions
  105. 67Protection for particular undertakings and savings in respect of works.
  106. 68Power of navigation authorities etc to divert sewers.
  107. Information provisions
  108. 69Power to hold inquiries for land drainage purposes etc.
  109. 70Confidentiality of information obtained by Agency and Natural Resources Body for Wales etc.
  110. Construction of Act
  111. 71Service of documents.
  112. 72Interpretation.
  113. 73Disputes as to whether works connected with main river.
  114. Other supplemental provisions
  115. 74Application to Crown.
  116. 75Application to the Isles of Scilly.
  117. 76Short title, commencement and extent.
  118. Schedule 1: MEMBERS OF INTERNAL DRAINAGE BOARDS
  119. Part I: ELECTION OF MEMBERS
  120. Election rules
  121. 1Paragraph 1
  122. Eligiblity of electors
  123. 2Paragraph 2
  124. Number of votes for each elector
  125. 3Paragraph 3
  126. Qualification for election
  127. 4Paragraph 4
  128. Part II: MEMBERS APPOINTED BY CHARGING AUTHORITIES
  129. Appointment of members by charging authorities
  130. 5Paragraph 5
  131. Numbers of members appointed by charging authorities
  132. 6Paragraph 6
  133. Part III: SUPPLEMENTAL PROVISIONS WITH RESPECT TO MEMBERS
  134. Terms of office etc. of members
  135. 7Paragraph 7
  136. Resignation etc. of elected members
  137. 8Paragraph 8
  138. Insolvency of members or candidates
  139. 9Paragraph 9 Repealed
  140. Filling casual vacancies
  141. 10Paragraph 10
  142. Eligibility of vacating member of board
  143. 11Paragraph 11
  144. Meaning of “elected member”
  145. 12Paragraph 12
  146. Schedule 2: EXPENSES AND PROCEEDINGS ETC. OF INTERNAL DRAINAGE BOARDS
  147. Payment of expenses etc. of members and officers
  148. 1Paragraph 1
  149. Payments etc. to staff
  150. 2Paragraph 2
  151. Proceedings of internal drainage board
  152. 3Paragraph 3
  153. Annual report
  154. 4Paragraph 4
  155. Accounts
  156. 5Paragraph 5
  157. Schedule 3: PROCEDURE WITH RESPECT TO CERTAIN ORDERS
  158. Application and interpretation of Schedule
  159. 1Paragraph 1
  160. Notice of proposed order
  161. 2Paragraph 2
  162. Determination of whether to make order
  163. 3Paragraph 3
  164. Procedure and other matters after the making of an order.
  165. 4Paragraph 4
  166. Orders subject to special parliamentary procedure
  167. 5Paragraph 5
  168. Notice of unconfirmed orders
  169. 6Paragraph 6
  170. Challenge to unconfirmed orders
  171. 7Paragraph 7
  172. Power to make regulations for purposes of Schedule etc.
  173. 8Paragraph 8
  174. Schedule 4: SCHEMES FOR SMALL DRAINAGE WORKS
  175. Consultation and notice with respect to proposed scheme
  176. 1Paragraph 1
  177. Objections to scheme
  178. 2Paragraph 2
  179. Notice of scheme after it is made
  180. 3Paragraph 3
  181. Schedule 5: BYELAWS
  182. Publicity for application for confirmation
  183. 1Paragraph 1
  184. Confirmation
  185. 2Paragraph 2
  186. Commencement of byelaw
  187. 3Paragraph 3
  188. Publicity for confirmed byelaw
  189. 4Paragraph 4
  190. Revocation of byelaw
  191. 5Paragraph 5
  192. Proof of byelaws
  193. 6Paragraph 6
  194. Interpretation
  195. 7Paragraph 7
  196. Schedule 6: PROTECTION FOR PARTICULAR UNDERTAKINGS
  197. Undertakings protected by Schedule
  198. 1Paragraph 1
  199. Protection for statutory powers and jurisdiction
  200. 2Paragraph 2
  201. General provisions protecting undertakings
  202. 3Paragraph 3
  203. Special protection for railways etc.
  204. 4Paragraph 4
  205. Conditions of consent and grounds for refusal
  206. 5Paragraph 5
  207. Determination of disputes
  208. 6Paragraph 6
  209. Schedule Table of Derivations
  210. 1Paragraph 1
  211. 2Paragraph 2
  212. 3Paragraph 3