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Commission Decision of 10 June 2010 on guidelines for the calculation of land carbon stocks for the purpose of Annex V to Directive 2009/28/EC (notified under document C(2010) 3751) (2010/335/EU)

EU Decision 2010/335 · Adopted 10 June 2010 · Extends to United Kingdom

Original text. legislation.gov.uk does not revise this item, so later amendments are not shown here. Changes made to it are listed under each provision when known.

Commission Decision

of 10 June 2010

on guidelines for the calculation of land carbon stocks for the purpose of Annex V to Directive 2009/28/EC

(notified under document C(2010) 3751)

(2010/335/EU)

THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION,

Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union,

Having regard to Directive 2009/28/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources and amending and subsequently repealing Directives 2001/77/EC and 2003/30/ECf1, and in particular Annex V, part C, point 10 thereof,

Whereas:

(1)

Directive 2009/28/EC lays down rules for calculating the greenhouse gas impact of biofuels, bioliquids and their fossil fuel comparators, which take into account emissions from carbon stock changes caused by land use change. Directive 98/70/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 October 1998 relating to the quality of petrol and diesel fuels and amending Council Directive 93/12/EECf2 includes corresponding rules as far as biofuels are concerned.

(2)

The Commission should draw its guidelines for the calculation of land carbon stocks on the 2006 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. Those Guidelines were intended for national greenhouse gas inventories and are not expressed in a form that is readily applicable by economic operators. It is therefore appropriate, where IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories lack the necessary information for purposes of biofuel and bioliquid production or where such information is not accessible, to draw on other scientific sources of data.

(3)

For the calculation of the carbon stocks in soil organic matter it is appropriate to take into account climate, soil type, land cover, land management and input. For mineral soils, the IPCC Tier 1 methodology for soil organic carbon is an appropriate method to use for this purpose as it covers the global level. For organic soils, the IPCC methodology addresses in particular carbon loss following soil drainage and does this only through annual losses. As soil drainage normally results in high carbon stock loss that cannot be compensated by the greenhouse gas saving of biofuels or bioliquids and as drainage of peatland soil is prohibited by the sustainability criteria laid down by Directive 2009/28/EC, it suffices to lay down general rules for determining soil organic carbon or carbon losses in organic soils.

(4)

For the calculation of carbon stock in living biomass and dead organic matter a low complexity approach corresponding to IPCC Tier 1 methodology for vegetation should be an appropriate method. In accordance with that methodology it is reasonable to assume that all carbon stock in living biomass and dead organic matter is lost from the land upon conversion. Dead organic matter is usually of low significance in land conversion for the establishment of crops for the production of biofuels and bioliquids, but should be taken into account at least for closed forests.

(5)

In calculating the greenhouse gas impact of land conversion, economic operators should be able to use actual values for the carbon stocks associated with the reference land use and the land use after conversion. They should also be able to use standard values and it is appropriate for these guidelines to provide them. It is not necessary, however, to provide standard values for improbable combinations of climate and soil type.

(6)

Annex V to Directive 2009/28/EC sets out the method for calculating greenhouse gas impacts and contains rules for the calculation of annualised emissions of carbon stock changes from land use changes. The guidelines annexed to this Decision establish rules for the calculation of land carbon stocks, completing the rules laid down in the Annex V,

HAS ADOPTED THIS DECISION:

Annotations to the whole text

Footnotes

f1

OJ L 140, 5.6.2009, p. 16.

f2

OJ L 350, 28.12.1998, p. 58.

Contents

  1. 1Article 1
  2. 2Article 2
  3. Signature
  4. Annex: Guidelines for the calculation of land carbon stocks for the purpose of Annex V to Directive 2009/28/EC
  5. 1INTRODUCTION
  6. 2CONSISTENT REPRESENTATION OF LAND CARBON STOCKS
  7. 3CALCULATION OF CARBON STOCKS
  8. SOIL ORGANIC CARBON STOCK
  9. 4.1Mineral soils
  10. 4.2Organic soils (histosols)
  11. 5ABOVE AND BELOW GROUND VEGETATION CARBON STOCK
  12. 5.1Living biomass
  13. 5.1.1Above ground living biomass
  14. 5.1.2Below ground living biomass
  15. 5.2Dead organic matter
  16. 5.2.1Carbon stock in dead wood pool
  17. 5.2.2Carbon stock in litter
  18. 6STANDARD SOIL CARBON STOCK IN MINERAL SOILS
  19. 6.1Climate region
  20. 6.2Soil type
  21. 7FACTORS REFLECTING THE DIFFERENCE IN SOIL ORGANIC CARBON COMPARED TO THE STANDARD SOIL ORGANIC CARBON
  22. 7.1Cropland
  23. 7.2Perennial crops
  24. 7.3Grassland
  25. 7.4Forest land
  26. 8CARBON STOCK VALUES FOR ABOVE AND BELOW GROUND VEGETATION CARBON STOCK
  27. 8.1Cropland
  28. 8.2Perennial crops, namely multi-annual crops whose stem is usually not annually harvested such as short rotation coppice and oil palm
  29. 8.3Grassland
  30. 8.4Forest land

1

The guidelines for the calculation of land carbon stocks for the purpose of Annex V to Directive 2009/28/EC are set out in the Annex to this Decision.

2

This Decision is addressed to the Member States.

Signature

Done at Brussels, 10 June 2010.

For the Commission

Günther Oettinger

Member of the Commission

1INTRODUCTION

These guidelines establish the rules for the calculation of land carbon stocks, both for the reference land use (CSR , as defined in point 7 of Annex V to Directive 2009/28/EC) and the actual land use (CSA , as defined in point 7 of Annex V to Directive 2009/28/EC).

In point 2 rules are provided in order that land carbon stocks are consistently determined. Point 3 provides the general rule for the calculation of carbon stocks, which consist of two components: soil organic carbon and carbon stock in the above and below ground vegetation.

Point 4 provides detailed rules for determining the soil organic carbon stock. For mineral soils it provides the option of following a method that allows the use of values provided for in the guidelines, while the option of using alternative methods is also provided for. For organic soils methods are described, but the guidelines do not contain values for determining soil organic carbon stock in organic soils.

Point 5 provides detailed rules for carbon stock in vegetation, but is only relevant in the case the choice is made not to use values for above and below ground vegetation carbon stock provided in point 8 of the guidelines (the use of the values provided in point 8 is not obligatory and for certain cases it may not contain the appropriate values).

Point 6 provides the rules to select the appropriate values in case the choice is made to use the guidelines’ values related to soil organic carbon in mineral soils (these values are provided in points 6 and 7). In these rules reference is made to data layers on climate regions and soil type available through the online Transparency platform established by Directive 2009/28/EC. Those data layers are detailed layers underlying figures 1 and 2 below.

Point 8 provides values for carbon stock in the above and below ground vegetation and related parameters. Points 7 and 8 provide values for four different land use categories: cropland, perennial crops, grassland and forest land.

Figure 1

Climate regions

Figure 2

Geographic distribution of soil types

2CONSISTENT REPRESENTATION OF LAND CARBON STOCKS

For determining the carbon stock per unit area associated with CSR and CSA the following rules shall apply:

  1. (1)

    the area for which the land carbon stocks are calculated shall for the entire area have similar:

    1. (a)

      biophysical conditions in terms of climate and soil type;

    2. (b)

      management history in terms of tillage;

    3. (c)

      input history in terms of carbon input to soil.

  2. (2)

    the carbon stock of the actual land use, CSA , shall be taken as:

    • in the case of loss of carbon stock: the estimated equilibrium carbon stock that the land will reach in its new use,

    • in the case of carbon stock accumulation: the estimated carbon stock after 20 years or when the crop reaches maturity, whichever the earlier.

3CALCULATION OF CARBON STOCKS

For the calculation of CSR and CSA the following rule shall apply:

CSi = (SOC + CVEG ) × A

where:

CSI

  • the carbon stock per unit area associated with the land use i (measured as mass of carbon per unit area, including both soil and vegetation);

    • SOC

  • soil organic carbon (measured as mass of carbon per hectare), calculated in accordance with point 4;

    • CVEG

  • above and below ground vegetation carbon stock (measured as mass of carbon per hectare), calculated in accordance with point 5 or selected from the appropriate values in point 8;

    • A

  • factor scaling to the area concerned (measured as hectares per unit area).

    • 4.1Mineral soils

    For the calculation of SOC the following rule may be used:

    SOC = SOCST  × FLU  × FMG  × FI

    where:

    SOC

  • soil organic carbon (measured as mass of carbon per hectare);

    • SOCST

  • standard soil organic carbon in the 0-30 centimetre topsoil layer (measured as mass of carbon per hectare);

    • FLU

  • land use factor reflecting the difference in soil organic carbon associated with the type of land use compared to the standard soil organic carbon;

    • FMG

  • management factor reflecting the difference in soil organic carbon associated with the principle management practice compared to the standard soil organic carbon;

    • FI

  • input factor reflecting the difference in soil organic carbon associated with different levels of carbon input to soil compared to the standard soil organic carbon.

    • For SOCST the appropriate values presented in point 6 shall apply.

    For FLU , FMG and FI the appropriate values presented in point 7 shall apply.

    As an alternative to using the above rule, other appropriate methods, including measurements, may be used to determine SOC. As far as such methods are not based on measurements, they shall take into account climate, soil type, land cover, land management and inputs.

    4.2Organic soils (histosols)

    For determining SOC, appropriate methods shall be used. Such methods shall take into account the entire depth of the organic soil layer as well as climate, land cover and land management and input. Such methods may include measurements.

    Where carbon stock affected by soil drainage is concerned, losses of carbon following drainage shall be taken into account by appropriate methods. Such methods may be based on annual losses of carbon following drainage.

    5ABOVE AND BELOW GROUND VEGETATION CARBON STOCK

    Except where a value for CVEG set out in point 8 is used, for the calculation of CVEG the following rule shall apply:

    CVEG = CBM  + CDOM

    where:

    CVEG

  • above and below ground vegetation carbon stock (measured as mass of carbon per hectare);

    • CBM

  • above and below ground carbon stock in living biomass (measured as mass of carbon per hectare), calculated in accordance with point 5.1;

    • CDOM

  • above and below ground carbon stock in dead organic matter (measured as mass of carbon per hectare), calculated in accordance with point 5.2.

    • For CDOM the value of 0 may be used, except in the case of forest land — excluding forest plantations — having more than 30 % canopy cover.

    5.1Living biomass

    For the calculation of CBM the following rule shall apply:

    CBM = CAGB  + CBGB

    where:

    CBM

  • above and below ground carbon stock in living biomass (measured as mass of carbon per hectare);

    • CAGB

  • above ground carbon stock in living biomass (measured as mass of carbon per hectare), calculated in accordance with point 5.1.1;

    • CBGB

  • below ground carbon stock in living biomass (measured as mass of carbon per hectare), calculated in accordance with point 5.1.2.

    • 5.1.1Above ground living biomass

    For the calculation of CAGB the following rule shall apply:

    CAGB = BAGB  × CFB

    where:

    CAGB

  • above ground carbon stock in living biomass (measured as mass of carbon per hectare);

    • BAGB

  • weight of above ground living biomass (measured as mass of dry matter per hectare);

    • CFB

  • carbon fraction of dry matter in living biomass (measured as mass of carbon per mass of dry matter).

    • For cropland, perennial crops and forest plantations the value for BAGB shall be the average weight of the above ground living biomass during the production cycle.

    For CFB the value of 0,47 may be used.

    5.1.2Below ground living biomass

    For the calculation of CBGB one of the following two rules shall be used:

    1. (1)

      CBGB = BBGB  × CFB

      where:

      CBGB

    2. below ground carbon stock in living biomass (measured as mass of carbon per hectare);

      3. BBGB

    3. weight of below ground living biomass (measured as mass of dry matter per hectare);

      4. CFB

    4. carbon fraction of dry matter in living biomass (measured as mass of carbon per mass of dry matter).

      5. For cropland, perennial crops and forest plantations the value for BBGB shall be the average weight of the below ground living biomass during the production cycle.

      For CFB the value of 0,47 may be used.

  • (2)

    CBGB = CAGB  × R

    where:

    CBGB

  • below ground carbon stock in living biomass (measured as mass of carbon per hectare);

    • CAGB

  • above ground carbon stock in living biomass (measured as mass of carbon per hectare);

    • R

  • ratio of below ground carbon stock in living biomass to above ground carbon stock in living biomass.

    • Appropriate values for R set out in point 8 may be used.

    5.2Dead organic matter

    For the calculation of CDOM the following rule shall apply:

    CDOM = CDW  + CLI

    where:

    CDOM

  • above and below ground carbon stock in dead organic matter (measured as mass of carbon per hectare);

    • CDW

  • carbon stock in dead wood pool (measured as mass of carbon per hectare), calculated in accordance with point 5.2.1;

    • CLI

  • carbon stock in litter (measured as mass of carbon per hectare), calculated in accordance with point 5.2.2.

    • 5.2.1Carbon stock in dead wood pool

    For the calculation of CDW the following rule shall apply:

    CDW = DOMDW  × CFDW

    where:

    CDW

  • carbon stock in dead wood pool (measured as mass of carbon per hectare);

    • DOMDW

  • weight of dead wood pool (measured as mass of dry matter per hectare);

    • CFDW

  • carbon fraction of dry matter in dead wood pool (measured as mass of carbon per mass of dry matter).

    • For CFDW the value of 0,5 may be used.

    5.2.2Carbon stock in litter

    For the calculation of CLI the following rule shall apply:

    CLI = DOMLI  × CFLI

    where:

    CLI

  • carbon stock in litter (measured as mass of carbon per hectare);

    • DOMLI

  • weight of litter (measured as mass of dry matter per hectare);

    • CFLI

  • carbon fraction of dry matter in litter (measured as mass of carbon per mass of dry matter).

    • For CFLI the value of 0,4 may be used.

    6STANDARD SOIL CARBON STOCK IN MINERAL SOILS

    A value for SOCST shall be selected from table 1, based on the appropriate climate region and soil type of the area concerned as set out in points 6.1 and 6.2.

    Table 1

    SOCST, standard soil organic carbon in the 0-30 centimetre topsoil layer

    (tonnes of carbon per hectare)
    Climate RegionSoil type
    High activity clay soilsLow activity clay soilsSandy soilsSpodic soilsVolcanic soilsWetland soils
    Boreal68—1011720146
    Cold temperate, dry503334—2087
    Cold temperate, moist95857111513087
    Warm temperate, dry382419—7088
    Warm temperate, moist886334—8088
    Tropical, dry383531—5086
    Tropical, moist654739—7086
    Tropical, wet446066—13086
    Tropical, montane886334—8086

    6.1Climate region

    The appropriate climate region for the selection of the appropriate value for SOCST shall be determined from the climate region data layers available through the Transparency platform established by Article 24 of Directive 2009/28/EC.

    6.2Soil type

    The appropriate soil type shall be determined according to figure 3. The soil type data layers available through the Transparency platform established by Article 24 of Directive 2009/28/EC may be used as guidance to determine the appropriate soil type.

    Figure 3

    Classification of soil types

    7FACTORS REFLECTING THE DIFFERENCE IN SOIL ORGANIC CARBON COMPARED TO THE STANDARD SOIL ORGANIC CARBON

    Appropriate values for FLU , FMG and FI shall be selected from tables in this point. For the calculation of CSR the appropriate management and input factors are those that were applied in January 2008. For the calculation of CSA the appropriate management and input factors are those that are being applied and will lead to the equilibrium carbon stock concerned.

    7.1Cropland

    Table 2

    Factors for cropland

    Climate regionLand use(FLU )Management(FMG )Input(FI ) FLU FMG FI
    Temperate/Boreal, dryCultivatedFull-tillageLow0,810,95
    Medium0,811
    High with manure0,811,37
    High without manure0,811,04
    Reduced tillageLow0,81,020,95
    Medium0,81,021
    High with manure0,81,021,37
    High without manure0,81,021,04
    No tillLow0,81,10,95
    Medium0,81,11
    High with manure0,81,11,37
    High without manure0,81,11,04
    Temperate/Boreal, moist/wetCultivatedFull-tillageLow0,6910,92
    Medium0,6911
    High with manure0,6911,44
    High without manure0,6911,11
    Reduced tillageLow0,691,080,92
    Medium0,691,081
    High with manure0,691,081,44
    High without manure0,691,081,11
    No tillLow0,691,150,92
    Medium0,691,151
    High with manure0,691,151,44
    High without manure0,691,151,11
    Tropical, dryCultivatedFull-tillageLow0,5810,95
    Medium0,5811
    High with manure0,5811,37
    High without manure0,5811,04
    Reduced tillageLow0,581,090,95
    Medium0,581,091
    High with manure0,581,091,37
    High without manure0,581,091,04
    No tillLow0,581,170,95
    Medium0,581,171
    High with manure0,581,171,37
    High without manure0,581,171,04
    Tropical, moist/wetCultivatedFull-tillageLow0,4810,92
    Medium0,4811
    High with manure0,4811,44
    High without manure0,4811,11
    Reduced tillageLow0,481,150,92
    Medium0,481,151
    High with manure0,481,151,44
    High without manure0,481,151,11
    No tillLow0,481,220,92
    Medium0,481,221
    High with manure0,481,221,44
    High without manure0,481,221,11
    Tropical MontaneCultivatedFull-tillageLow0,6410,94
    Medium0,6411
    High with manure0,6411,41
    High without manure0,6411,08
    Reduced tillageLow0,641,090,94
    Medium0,641,091
    High with manure0,641,091,41
    High without manure0,641,091,08
    No tillLow0,641,160,94
    Medium0,641,161
    High with manure0,641,161,41
    High without manure0,641,161,08

    Table 3 provides guidance for selecting appropriate values from Tables 2 and 4.

    Table 3

    Guidance on management and input for cropland and perennial crops

    Management/InputGuidance
    Full-tillageSubstantial soil disturbance with full inversion and/or frequent (within year) tillage operations. At planting time, little (e.g. < 30 %) of the surface is covered by residues.
    Reduced tillagePrimary and/or secondary tillage but with reduced soil disturbance (usually shallow and without full soil inversion) and normally leaves surface with > 30 % coverage by residues at planting.
    No tillDirect seeding without primary tillage, with only minimal soil disturbance in the seeding zone. Herbicides are typically used for weed control.
    LowLow residue return occurs when there is due to removal of residues (via collection or burning), frequent bare-fallowing, production of crops yielding low residues (e.g. vegetables, tobacco, cotton), no mineral fertilisation or nitrogen-fixing crops.
    MediumRepresentative for annual cropping with cereals where all crop residues are returned to the field. If residues are removed then supplemental organic matter (e.g. manure) is added. Also requires mineral fertilisation or nitrogen-fixing crop in rotation.
    High with manureRepresents significantly higher carbon input over medium carbon input cropping systems due to an additional practice of regular addition of animal manure.
    High without manureRepresents significantly greater crop residue inputs over medium carbon input cropping systems due to additional practices, such as production of high residue yielding crops, use of green manures, cover crops, improved vegetated fallows, irrigation, frequent use of perennial grasses in annual crop rotations, but without manure applied (see row above).

    7.2Perennial crops

    Table 4

    Factors for perennial crops, namely multi-annual crops whose stem is usually not annually harvested such as short rotation coppice and oil palm

    Climate regionLand use(FLU )Management(FMG )Input(FI ) FLU FMG FI
    Temperate/Boreal, dryPerennial cropFull-tillageLow110,95
    Medium111
    High with manure111,37
    High without manure111,04
    Reduced tillageLow11,020,95
    Medium11,021
    High with manure11,021,37
    High without manure11,021,04
    No tillLow11,10,95
    Medium11,11
    High with manure11,11,37
    High without manure11,11,04
    Temperate/Boreal, moist/wetPerennial cropFull-tillageLow110,92
    Medium111
    High with manure111,44
    High without manure111,11
    Reduced tillageLow11,080,92
    Medium11,081
    High with manure11,081,44
    High without manure11,081,11
    No tillLow11,150,92
    Medium11,151
    High with manure11,151,44
    High without manure11,151,11
    Tropical, dryPerennial cropFull-tillageLow110,95
    Medium111
    High with manure111,37
    High without manure111,04
    Reduced tillageLow11,090,95
    Medium11,091
    High with manure11,091,37
    High without manure11,091,04
    No tillLow11,170,95
    Medium11,171
    High with manure11,171,37
    High without manure11,171,04
    Tropical, moist/wetPerennial cropFull-tillageLow110,92
    Medium111
    High with manure111,44
    High without manure111,11
    Reduced tillageLow11,150,92
    Medium11,151
    High with manure11,151,44
    High without manure11,151,11
    No tillLow11,220,92
    Medium11,221
    High with manure11,221,44
    High without manure11,221,11
    Tropical MontanePerennial cropFull-tillageLow110,94
    Medium111
    High with manure111,41
    High without manure111,08
    Reduced tillageLow11,090,94
    Medium11,091
    High with manure11,091,41
    High without manure11,091,08
    No tillLow11,160,94
    Medium11,161
    High with manure11,161,41
    High without manure11,161,08

    Table 3 in point 7.1 provides guidance for selecting appropriate values from Table 4.

    7.3Grassland

    Table 5

    Factors for grassland, including savannahs

    Climate regionLand Use(FLU )Management(FMG )Input(FI ) FLU FMG FI
    Temperate/Boreal, dryGrasslandImprovedMedium11,141
    High11,141,11
    Nominally managedMedium111
    Moderately degradedMedium10,951
    Severely degradedMedium10,71
    Temperate/Boreal, moist/wetGrasslandImprovedMedium11,141
    High11,141,11
    Nominally managedMedium111
    Moderately degradedMedium10,951
    Severely degradedMedium10,71
    Tropical, dryGrasslandImprovedMedium11,171
    High11,171,11
    Nominally managedMedium111
    Moderately degradedMedium10,971
    Severely degradedMedium10,71
    Tropical, moist/wetSavannahImprovedMedium11,171
    High11,171,11
    Nominally managedMedium111
    Moderately degradedMedium10,971
    Severely degradedMedium10,71
    Tropical Montane, dryGrasslandImprovedMedium11,161
    High11,161,11
    Nominally managedMedium111
    Moderately degradedMedium10,961
    Severely degradedMedium10,71

    Table 6 provides guidance for selecting appropriate values from Table 5.

    Table 6

    Guidance on management and input for grassland

    Management/InputGuidance
    ImprovedRepresents grassland which is sustainably managed with moderate grazing pressure and that receive at least one improvement (e.g. fertilisation, species improvement, irrigation).
    Nominally managedRepresents non-degraded and sustainably managed grassland, but without significant management improvements.
    Moderately degradedRepresents overgrazed or moderately degraded grassland, with somewhat reduced productivity (relative to the native or nominally managed grassland) and receiving no management inputs.
    Severely degradedImplies major long-term loss of productivity and vegetation cover, due to severe mechanical damage to the vegetation and/or severe soil erosion.
    MediumApplies where no additional management inputs have been used.
    HighApplies to improved grassland where one or more additional management inputs/improvements have been used (beyond that is required to be classified as improved grassland).

    7.4Forest land

    Table 7

    Factors for forest land having at least 10 % canopy cover

    n/a = not applicable; in these cases FMG and FI shall not apply and for the calculation of SOC the following rule may be used: SOC = SOCST  × FLU .
    Climate regionLand use(FLU )Management(FMG )Input(FI ) FLU FMG FI
    AllNative forest (non-degraded)n/af1 n/a1
    AllManaged forestAllAll111
    Tropical, moist/dryShifting cultivation-shortened fallown/an/a0,64
    Shifting cultivation-mature fallown/an/a0,8
    Temperate/Boreal, moist/dryShifting cultivation-shortened fallown/an/a1
    Shifting cultivation-mature fallown/an/a1

    Table 8 provides guidance for selecting appropriate values from Table 7.

    Table 8

    Guidance on land use for forest land

    Land useGuidance

    Native forest

    (non-degraded)

    		Represents native or long-term, non-degraded and sustainably managed forest.
    Shifting cultivationPermanent shifting cultivation, where tropical forest or woodland is cleared for planting of annual crops for a short time (e.g. 3-5 years) period and then abandoned to regrowth.
    Mature fallowRepresents situations where the forest vegetation recovers to a mature or near mature state prior to being cleared again for cropland use.
    Shortened fallowRepresents situations where the forest vegetation recovery is not attained prior to reclearing.

    8CARBON STOCK VALUES FOR ABOVE AND BELOW GROUND VEGETATION CARBON STOCK

    For CVEG or R the appropriate values laid down in this point may be used.

    8.1Cropland

    Table 9

    Vegetation values for cropland (general)

    Climate region CVEG (tonnes carbon/hectare)
    All0

    Table 10

    Vegetation values for sugar cane (specific)

    DomainClimate regionEcological zoneContinent CVEG (tonnes carbon per hectare)
    TropicalTropical dryTropical dry forestAfrica4,2
    Asia (continental, insular)4
    Tropical scrublandAsia (continental, insular)4
    Tropical moistTropical moist deciduous forestAfrica4,2
    Central and South America5
    Tropical wetTropical rain forestAsia (continental, insular)4
    Central and South America5
    SubtropicalWarm temperate drySubtropical steppeNorth America4,8
    Warm temperate moistSubtropical humid forestCentral and South America5
    North America4,8

    8.2Perennial crops, namely multi-annual crops whose stem is usually not annually harvested such as short rotation coppice and oil palm

    Table 11

    Vegetation values for perennial crops (general)

    Climate region CVEG (tonnes carbon per hectare)
    Temperate (all moisture regimes)43,2
    Tropical, dry6,2
    Tropical, moist14,4
    Tropical, wet34,3

    Table 12

    Vegetation values for specific perennial crops

    Climate regionCrop type CVEG (tonnes carbon per hectare)
    AllCoconuts75
    Jatropha17,5
    Jojoba2,4
    Oil palm60

    8.3Grassland

    Table 13

    Vegetation values for grassland — excluding scrubland (general)

    Climate region CVEG (tonnes carbon per hectare)
    Boreal — Dry & Wet4,3
    Cool Temperate — Dry3,3
    Cool Temperate — Wet6,8
    Warm Temperate — Dry3,1
    Warm Temperate — Wet6,8
    Tropical — Dry4,4
    Tropical — Moist & Wet8,1

    Table 14

    Vegetation values for Miscanthus (specific)

    DomainClimate regionEcological zoneContinent CVEG (tonnes carbon per hectare)
    SubtropicalWarm temperate drySubtropical dry forestEurope10
    North America14,9
    Subtropical steppeNorth America14,9

    Table 15

    Vegetation values for scrubland, namely land with vegetation composed largely of woody plants lower than 5 meter not having clear physiognomic aspects of trees

    DomainContinent CVEG (tonnes carbon per hectare)
    TropicalAfrica46
    North and South America53
    Asia (continental)39
    Asia (insular)46
    Australia46
    SubtropicalAfrica43
    North and South America50
    Asia (continental)37
    Europe37
    Asia (insular)43
    TemperateGlobal7,4

    8.4Forest land

    Table 16

    Vegetation values for forest land — excluding forest plantations — having between 10 % and 30 % canopy cover

    DomainEcological zoneContinent CVEG (tonnes carbon per hectare) R
    TropicalTropical rain forestAfrica400,37
    North and South America390,37
    Asia (continental)360,37
    Asia (insular)450,37
    Tropical moist forestAfrica300,24
    North and South America260,24
    Asia (continental)210,24
    Asia (insular)340,24
    Tropical dry forestAfrica140,28
    North and South America250,28
    Asia (continental)160,28
    Asia (insular)190,28
    Tropical mountain systemsAfrica130,24
    North and South America170,24
    Asia (continental)160,24
    Asia (insular)260,28
    SubtropicalSubtropical humid forestNorth and South America260,28
    Asia (continental)220,28
    Asia (insular)350,28
    Subtropical dry forestAfrica170,28
    North and South America260,32
    Asia (continental)160,32
    Asia (insular)200,32
    Subtropical steppeAfrica90,32
    North and South America100,32
    Asia (continental)70,32
    Asia (insular)90,32
    TemperateTemperate oceanic forestEurope140,27
    North America790,27
    New Zealand430,27
    South America210,27
    Temperate continental forestAsia, Europe (≤ 20 y)20,27
    Asia, Europe (> 20 y)140,27
    North and South America (≤ 20 y)70,27
    North and South America (> 20 y)160,27
    Temperate mountain systemsAsia, Europe (≤ 20 y)120,27
    Asia, Europe (> 20 y)160,27
    North and South America (≤ 20 y)60,27
    North and South America (> 20 y)60,27
    BorealBoreal coniferous forestAsia, Europe, North America120,24
    Boreal tundra woodlandAsia, Europe, North America (≤ 20 y)00,24
    Asia, Europe, North America (> 20 y)20,24
    Boreal mountain systemsAsia, Europe, North America (≤ 20 y)20,24
    Asia, Europe, North America (> 20 y)60,24

    Table 17

    Vegetation values for forest land — excluding forest plantations — having more than 30 % canopy cover

    DomainEcological zoneContinent CVEG (tonnes carbon per hectare)
    TropicalTropical rain forestAfrica204
    North and South America198
    Asia (continental)185
    Asia (insular)230
    Tropical moist deciduous forestAfrica156
    North and South America133
    Asia (continental)110
    Asia (insular)174
    Tropical dry forestAfrica77
    North and South America131
    Asia (continental)83
    Asia (insular)101
    Tropical mountain systemsAfrica77
    North and South America94
    Asia (continental)88
    Asia (insular)130
    SubtropicalSubtropical humid forestNorth and South America132
    Asia (continental)109
    Asia (insular)173
    Subtropical dry forestAfrica88
    North and South America130
    Asia (continental)82
    Asia (insular)100
    Subtropical steppeAfrica46
    North and South America53
    Asia (continental)41
    Asia (insular)47
    TemperateTemperate oceanic forestEurope84
    North America406
    New Zealand227
    South America120
    Temperate continental forestAsia, Europe (≤ 20 y)27
    Asia, Europe (> 20 y)87
    North and South America (≤ 20 y)51
    North and South America (> 20 y)93
    Temperate mountain systemsAsia, Europe (≤ 20 y)75
    Asia, Europe (> 20 y)93
    North and South America (≤ 20 y)45
    North and South America (> 20 y)93
    BorealBoreal coniferous forestAsia, Europe, North America53
    Boreal tundra woodlandAsia, Europe, North America (≤ 20 y)26
    Asia, Europe, North America (> 20 y)35
    Boreal mountain systemsAsia, Europe, North America (≤ 20 y)32
    Asia, Europe, North America (> 20 y)53

    Table 18

    Vegetation values for forest plantations

    DomainEcological zoneContinent CVEG (tonnes carbon per hectare) R
    TropicalTropical rain forestAfrica broadleaf > 20 y870,24
    Africa broadleaf ≤ 20 y290,24
    Africa Pinus sp. > 20 y580,24
    Africa Pinus sp. ≤ 20 y170,24
    Americas Eucalyptus sp.580,24
    Americas Pinus sp.870,24
    Americas Tectona grandis 700,24
    Americas other broadleaf440,24
    Asia broadleaf640,24
    Asia other380,24
    Tropical moist deciduous forestAfrica broadleaf > 20 y440,24
    Africa broadleaf ≤ 20 y230,24
    Africa Pinus sp. > 20 y350,24
    Africa Pinus sp. ≤ 20 y120,24
    Americas Eucalyptus sp.260,24
    Americas Pinus sp.790,24
    Americas Tectona grandis 350,24
    Americas other broadleaf290,24
    Asia broadleaf520,24
    Asia other290,24
    Tropical dry forestAfrica broadleaf > 20 y210,28
    Africa broadleaf ≤ 20 y90,28
    Africa Pinus sp. > 20 y180,28
    Africa Pinus sp. ≤ 20 y60,28
    Americas Eucalyptus sp.270,28
    Americas Pinus sp.330,28
    Americas Tectona grandis 270,28
    Americas other broadleaf180,28
    Asia broadleaf270,28
    Asia other180,28
    Tropical shrublandAfrica broadleaf60,27
    Africa Pinus sp. > 20 y60,27
    Africa Pinus sp. ≤ 20 y40,27
    Americas Eucalyptus sp.180,27
    Americas Pinus sp.180,27
    Americas Tectona grandis 150,27
    Americas other broadleaf90,27
    Asia broadleaf120,27
    Asia other90,27
    Tropical mountain systemsAfrica broadleaf > 20 y310,24
    Africa broadleaf ≤ 20 y200,24
    Africa Pinus sp. > 20 y190,24
    Africa Pinus sp. ≤ 20 y70,24
    Americas Eucalyptus sp.220,24
    Americas Pinus sp.290,24
    Americas Tectona grandis 230,24
    Americas other broadleaf160,24
    Asia broadleaf280,24
    Asia other150,24
    SubtropicalSubtropical humid forestAmericas Eucalyptus sp.420,28
    Americas Pinus sp.810,28
    Americas Tectona grandis 360,28
    Americas other broadleaf300,28
    Asia broadleaf540,28
    Asia other300,28
    Subtropical dry forestAfrica broadleaf > 20 y210,28
    Africa broadleaf ≤ 20 y90,32
    Africa Pinus sp. > 20 y190,32
    Africa Pinus sp. ≤ 20 y60,32
    Americas Eucalyptus sp.340,32
    Americas Pinus sp.340,32
    Americas Tectona grandis 280,32
    Americas other broadleaf190,32
    Asia broadleaf280,32
    Asia other190,32
    Subtropical steppeAfrica broadleaf60,32
    Africa Pinus sp. > 20 y60,32
    Africa Pinus sp. ≤ 20 y50,32
    Americas Eucalyptus sp.190,32
    Americas Pinus sp.190,32
    Americas Tectona grandis 160,32
    Americas other broadleaf90,32
    Asia broadleaf > 20 y250,32
    Asia broadleaf ≤ 20 y30,32
    Asia coniferous > 20 y60,32
    Asia coniferous ≤ 20 y340,32
    Subtropical mountain systemsAfrica broadleaf > 20 y310,24
    Africa broadleaf ≤ 20 y200,24
    Africa Pinus sp. > 20 y190,24
    Africa Pinus sp. ≤ 20 y70,24
    Americas Eucalyptus sp.220,24
    Americas Pinus sp.340,24
    Americas Tectona grandis 230,24
    Americas other broadleaf160,24
    Asia broadleaf280,24
    Asia other150,24
    TemperateTemperate oceanic forestAsia, Europe, broadleaf > 20 y600,27
    Asia, Europe, broadleaf ≤ 20 y90,27
    Asia, Europe, coniferous > 20 y600,27
    Asia, Europe, coniferous ≤ 20 y120,27
    North America520,27
    New Zealand750,27
    South America310,27
    Temperate continental forest and mountain systemsAsia, Europe, broadleaf > 20 y600,27
    Asia, Europe, broadleaf ≤ 20 y40,27
    Asia, Europe, coniferous > 20 y520,27
    Asia, Europe, coniferous ≤ 20 y70,27
    North America520,27
    South America310,27
    BorealBoreal coniferous forest and mountain systemsAsia, Europe > 20 y120,24
    Asia, Europe ≤ 20 y10,24
    North America130,24
    Boreal tundra woodlandAsia, Europe > 20 y70,24
    Asia, Europe ≤ 20 y10,24
    North America70,24