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Road Traffic Offenders Act 1988

1988 c. 53 · Enacted 15 November 1988 · Extends to United Kingdom

Not fully up to date. 91 changes made by later legislation have not yet been written into this text, which is revised to 1 October 2026.

See the changes not yet applied
ProvisionChangeMade by
s. 13(1)words insertedRoad Traffic (Consequential Provisions) Act 1988 Sch. 2 para. 20(a)
s. 13(1)words insertedRoad Traffic (Consequential Provisions) Act 1988 Sch. 2 para. 20(b)
Sch. 2 Pt. 1words substitutedCriminal Justice Act 2003 Sch. 26 para. 38(5)
Sch. 2 Pt. 1words substitutedCriminal Justice Act 2003 Sch. 26 para. 38(2)
Sch. 2 Pt. 1words substitutedCriminal Justice Act 2003 Sch. 26 para. 38(3)
Sch. 2 Pt. 1words substitutedCriminal Justice Act 2003 Sch. 26 para. 38(4)
s. 27(3)words substitutedCriminal Justice Act 2003 Sch. 32 para. 53
s. 84(1)s. 84 renumbered as s. 84(1)Domestic Violence, Crime and Victims Act 2004 s. 16(3)
s. 53(3)insertedDomestic Violence, Crime and Victims Act 2004 s. 16(2)
s. 84(2) (3)insertedDomestic Violence, Crime and Victims Act 2004 s. 16(3)
Sch. 2 Pt. 1words insertedRoad Safety Act 2006 s. 15(4)
Sch. 1words insertedRoad Safety Act 2006 s. 39(2)
Sch. 1words insertedRoad Safety Act 2006 s. 18(5)
Sch. 1 para. 4(za)insertedRoad Safety Act 2006 s. 15(3)(b)
Sch. 1 para. 3(aa)insertedRoad Safety Act 2006 s. 15(3)(a)
s. 98(1)words insertedRoad Safety Act 2006 s. 18(4)
s. 91A(1)words substitutedRoad Safety Act 2006 Sch. 3 para. 59(2)
s. 41BinsertedRoad Safety Act 2006 s. 15(2)
s. 36(14)repealedRoad Safety Act 2006 s. 37(7) Sch. 7(10)
s. 36(13A)insertedRoad Safety Act 2006 s. 37(6)
s. 36(9)words substitutedRoad Safety Act 2006 s. 37(5)
s. 36(8)words substitutedRoad Safety Act 2006 s. 37(4)
s. 36(5)words insertedRoad Safety Act 2006 s. 37(3)
s. 36(5)words substitutedRoad Safety Act 2006 s. 37(3)
s. 36(3)words substitutedRoad Safety Act 2006 s. 37(2)(c)
s. 36(3)word substitutedRoad Safety Act 2006 s. 37(2)(b)
s. 36(3)words substitutedRoad Safety Act 2006 s. 37(2)(a)
s. 30A-30DinsertedRoad Safety Act 2006 s. 34(3)
Sch. 3words insertedRoad Safety Act 2006 s. 18(7)
Sch. 2 Pt. 1words substitutedRoad Safety Act 2006 Sch. 6 para. 33(7)
Sch. 2 Pt. 1words substitutedRoad Safety Act 2006 Sch. 6 para. 33(6)
Sch. 2 Pt. 1words repealedRoad Safety Act 2006 Sch. 6 para. 33(5)
Sch. 2 Pt. 1words repealedRoad Safety Act 2006 Sch. 6 para. 33(4)
Sch. 2 Pt. 1words substitutedRoad Safety Act 2006 Sch. 6 para. 33(3)(b)
Sch. 2 Pt. 1word substitutedRoad Safety Act 2006 Sch. 6 para. 33(3)(a)
Sch. 2 Pt. 1words substitutedRoad Safety Act 2006 Sch. 6 para. 33(2)(b)
Sch. 2 Pt. 1words substitutedRoad Safety Act 2006 Sch. 6 para. 33(2)(a)
s. 18(3)words substitutedRoad Safety Act 2006 Sch. 6 para. 32(3)
s. 29(2A)insertedRoad Safety Act 2006 s. 34(2)
s. 34D-34GinsertedRoad Safety Act 2006 s. 15(1)
Sch. 2 Pt. 1words substitutedRoad Safety Act 2006 s. 17(a)
Sch. 2 Pt. 1words substitutedRoad Safety Act 2006 s. 17(b)
Sch. 2 Pt. 1words insertedRoad Safety Act 2006 s. 18(6)
Sch. 2 Pt. 1words insertedRoad Safety Act 2006 s. 39(3)
s. 18 headingwords substitutedRoad Safety Act 2006 Sch. 6 para. 32(4)
s. 18(1)(a)-(c)substituted for s. 18(1)(a)-(d)Road Safety Act 2006 Sch. 6 para. 32(2)
s. 18(1)(ba)insertedDriving Instruction (Suspension and Exemption Powers) Act 2009 s. 1(5)
s. 18(1)(ba)repealedDriving Instruction (Suspension and Exemption Powers) Act 2009 Sch. 2
s. 27(3)words repealedWelfare Reform Act 2009 Sch. 7 Pt. 4
s. 35C(4)(d)power to modify conferredCoroners and Justice Act 2009 Sch. 22 para. 35(2)
s. 34A(1)(b)words insertedCoroners and Justice Act 2009 Sch. 21 para. 90(3)(a)
s. 34A(5)words insertedCoroners and Justice Act 2009 Sch. 21 para. 90(3)(b)
s. 34A(6)words insertedCoroners and Justice Act 2009 Sch. 21 para. 90(3)(c)
s. 34A(7A)insertedCoroners and Justice Act 2009 Sch. 21 para. 90(3)(d)
s. 34B(1)words substitutedCoroners and Justice Act 2009 Sch. 21 para. 90(4)(a)
s. 34B(2)words substitutedCoroners and Justice Act 2009 Sch. 21 para. 90(4)(b)(i)
s. 34B(2)words substitutedCoroners and Justice Act 2009 Sch. 21 para. 90(4)(b)(ii)
s. 34B(12)addedCoroners and Justice Act 2009 Sch. 21 para. 90(4)(c)
s. 34D(1)(d)words insertedCoroners and Justice Act 2009 Sch. 21 para. 90(5)(a)
s. 34D(3)words insertedCoroners and Justice Act 2009 Sch. 21 para. 90(5)(b)
s. 34D(5A)insertedCoroners and Justice Act 2009 Sch. 21 para. 90(5)(c)
s. 34D(6)(a)words substitutedCoroners and Justice Act 2009 Sch. 21 para. 90(5)(d)(i)
s. 34D(6)(b)words substitutedCoroners and Justice Act 2009 Sch. 21 para. 90(5)(d)(ii)
s. 34D(6A)insertedCoroners and Justice Act 2009 Sch. 21 para. 90(5)(e)
s. 35A(4)(fa)words omittedSentencing Act 2020 Sch. 22 para. 102(b)
s. 35A(4)(e)words omittedSentencing Act 2020 Sch. 22 para. 102(a)
s. 35A(4)amendment to earlier affecting provision 2020 c. 17, Sch. 22 para. 102Police, Crime, Sentencing and Courts Act 2022 s. 140(4)(c)(i)
s. 35A(4)(fza)words omitted by 2020 c. 17, Sch. 22 para. 102(aa) (as inserted)Police, Crime, Sentencing and Courts Act 2022 s. 140(4)(c)(ii)
s. 35A(4)(fb)words omitted by 2020 c. 17, Sch. 22 para. 102(c) (as inserted)Police, Crime, Sentencing and Courts Act 2022 s. 140(4)(c)(iii)
Sch. 1 para. 4(ab)insertedAutomated Vehicles Act 2024 Sch. 4 para. 1(2)(d)
Sch. 1 para. 3(bc)insertedAutomated Vehicles Act 2024 Sch. 4 para. 1(2)(c)
Sch. 1 para. 1A(c)(d) and wordinsertedAutomated Vehicles Act 2024 Sch. 4 para. 1(2)(b)
Sch. 1 para. 1A(b)word omittedAutomated Vehicles Act 2024 Sch. 4 para. 1(2)(a)
Sch. 1 Tablewords insertedAutomated Vehicles Act 2024 Sch. 3 para. 2(3)
s. 24(A2)(ca)-(ce)insertedAutomated Vehicles Act 2024 Sch. 3 para. 2(2)(a)(ii)
s. 24(A2)(c)word omittedAutomated Vehicles Act 2024 Sch. 3 para. 2(2)(a)(i)
s. 24(1) Tablewords insertedAutomated Vehicles Act 2024 Sch. 3 para. 2(2)(b)
Sch. 2 Pt. 2words insertedAutomated Vehicles Act 2024 Sch. 4 para. 1(3)
Sch. 2 Pt. 1words insertedAutomated Vehicles Act 2024 s. 54(3)
Sch. 2 Pt. 1words insertedAutomated Vehicles Act 2024 s. 53(2)
s. 24(A2)word omittedCrime and Policing Act 2026 s. 141(9)(b)
s. 24(1) Tablewords insertedCrime and Policing Act 2026 s. 141(9)(d)
s. 24(1) Tablewords insertedCrime and Policing Act 2026 s. 141(9)(c)
s. 23(1A)(d)(e)insertedCrime and Policing Act 2026 s. 141(8)(b)
Sch. 2 Pt. 1 Tablewords insertedCrime and Policing Act 2026 s. 141(12)
Sch. 2 Pt. 1 Tablewords insertedCrime and Policing Act 2026 s. 141(11)
s. 23(1A)word omittedCrime and Policing Act 2026 s. 141(8)(b)
s. 23(1)words insertedCrime and Policing Act 2026 s. 141(8)(a)
Sch. 2 Pt. 2words insertedCrime and Policing Act 2026 s. 10(1)
s. 24(A2)(ca)(cb)insertedCrime and Policing Act 2026 s. 141(9)(b)
s. 24(A1)(a)words insertedCrime and Policing Act 2026 s. 141(9)(a)

An Act to consolidate certain enactments relating to the prosecution and punishment (including the punishment without conviction) of road traffic offences with amendments to give effect to recommendations of the Law Commission and the Scottish Law Commission.

[15th November 1988]

C1C2C3C4C5I1Be it enacted by the Queen’s most Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons, in this present Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows:—C6C7C8C9

Annotations to the whole text

Modifications

C1

Act amended by Road Traffic Act 1988 (c. 52, SIF 107:1), ss. 187(3), 188(1), 189(1), 190(1) and Road Traffic (Consequential Provisions) Act 1988 (c. 54, SIF 107:1), s. 2(3)

C2

Act excluded by Road Traffic Act 1988 (c. 52, SIF 107:1), s. 193, Sch. 4 paras. 5, 11 and Road Traffic (Consequential Provisions) Act 1988 (c. 54, SIF 107:1), s. 7

C3

Act applied by Road Traffic Act 1988 (c. 52, SIF 107:1), ss. 109(2), 183

C4

By Criminal Justice Act 1991 (c. 53, SIF 39:1), s. 101(1), Sch. 12 para. 23; S.I. 1991/2208, art. 2(1), Sch. 1 it is provided (14.10.1991) that in relation to any time before the commencement of s. 70 of that 1991 Act (which came into force on 1.10.1992 by S.I. 1992/333, art. 2(2), Sch. 2) references in any enactment amended by that 1991 Act, to youth courts shall be construed as references to juvenile courts.

C5

Act modified (1.6.1997) by 1995 c. 13, s. 5(7) (with s. 8); S.I. 1997/267, art. 2(2)

Act applied (1.7.1997) by 1995 c. 13, s. 9(2) (with s. 8); S.I. 1997/267, art. 2(2)

C6

Act applied (26.8.2005) by River Tyne (Tunnels) Order 2005 (S.I. 2005/2222), art. 41(16) (with arts. 45(1), 48, Sch. 10 paras. 21, 29)

C7

Act modified (16.8.2006) by Dover Harbour Revision Order 2006 (S.I. 2006/2167), arts. 1(1), 27

C8

Act: transfer of functions (1.9.2009) by The Transfer of Functions (Transport Tribunal and Appeal Panel) Order 2009 (S.I. 2009/1885), art. 2(1)

C9

Act applied (1.2.2011) by The River Mersey (Mersey Gateway Bridge) Order 2011 (S.I. 2011/41), art. 40(17) (with art. 51, Sch. 10 paras. 68, 85)

Commencement

I1

Act partly in force at 15.5.89; see s. 99(2).

Contents

  1. Part I: Trial
  2. Introductory
  3. 1Requirement of warning etc. of prosecutions for certain offences.
  4. 2Requirement of warning etc: supplementary.
  5. 3Restriction on institution of proceedings for certain offences.
  6. 4Offences for which local authorities in England and Wales may institute proceedings.
  7. 5Exemption from Licensing Act offence.
  8. 6Time within which summary proceedings for certain offences must be commenced.
  9. 7Duty of accused to provide licence.
  10. 8Duty to include date of birth and sex in written plea of guilty.
  11. Trial
  12. 9Mode of trial.
  13. 10Jurisdiction of district court in Scotland.
  14. 11Evidence by certificate as to driver, user or owner.
  15. 12Proof, in summary proceedings, of identity of driver of vehicle.
  16. 13Admissibility of records as evidence.
  17. 14Use of records kept by operators of goods vehicles.
  18. 15Use of specimens in proceedings for an offence under any of sections 3A to 5A of the Road Traffic Act.
  19. 16Documentary evidence as to specimens in such proceedings.
  20. 17Provisions as to proceedings for certain offences in connection with the construction and use of vehicles and equipment.
  21. 18Evidence by certificate as to registration of driving instructors and licences to give instruction.
  22. 19Evidence of disqualification in Scotland.
  23. 20Speeding offences etc: admissibility of certain evidence.
  24. 21Proceedings in which evidence of one witness sufficient in Scotland.
  25. 22Notification of disability.
  26. Verdict
  27. 23Alternative verdicts in Scotland.
  28. 24Alternative verdicts: general.
  29. After conviction
  30. 25Information as to date of birth and sex.
  31. 26Interim disqualification.
  32. Part II: Sentence
  33. Introductory
  34. 27Production of licence.
  35. 28Penalty points to be attributed to an offence.
  36. 29Penalty points to be taken into account on conviction.
  37. 30Penalty points: modification where fixed penalty also in question.
  38. 31Court may take particulars endorsed ... into consideration.
  39. 32In Scotland, court may take extract from licensing records into account. Repealed
  40. Fine and imprisonment
  41. 33Fine and imprisonment.
  42. 33AForfeiture of vehicles: Scotland.
  43. Disqualification
  44. 34Disqualification for certain offences.
  45. 34AReduced disqualification period for attendance on courses.
  46. 34BCertificates of completion of courses.
  47. 34BAApproval of courses
  48. 34CProvisions supplementary to sections 34A and 34B.
  49. 35Disqualification for repeated offences.
  50. 35AExtension of disqualification where custodial sentence also imposed
  51. 35BEffect of custodial sentence in other cases
  52. 35CExtension of disqualification where sentence of imprisonment also imposed: Scotland
  53. 35DEffect of sentence of imprisonment in other cases: Scotland
  54. 36Disqualification until test is passed.
  55. 37Effect of order of disqualification.
  56. 37ASurrender of licence to Secretary of State where disqualified
  57. 38Appeal against disqualification.
  58. 39Suspension of disqualification pending appeal.
  59. 40Power of appellate courts in England and Wales to suspend disqualification.
  60. 41Power of appellate courts in Scotland to suspend disqualification.
  61. 41ASuspension of disqualification pending determination of applications under section 34B.
  62. 42Removal of disqualification.
  63. 43Rule for determining end of period of disqualification.
  64. Endorsement
  65. 44Orders for endorsement
  66. 44AEndorsement of driving record in accordance with order
  67. 45Effect of endorsement of counterparts. Repealed
  68. 45AEffect of endorsement of driving records
  69. General
  70. 46Combination of disqualification and endorsement with probation orders and orders for discharge.
  71. 47Supplementary provisions as to disqualifications and endorsements.
  72. 48Exemption from disqualification and endorsement for certain construction and use offences.
  73. 49Offender escaping consequences of endorseable offence by deception.
  74. 50Powers of district court in Scotland.
  75. Part III: Fixed Penalties
  76. Introductory
  77. 51Fixed penalty offences.
  78. 52Fixed penalty notices.
  79. 53Amount of fixed penalty.
  80. Giving notices to suspected offenders
  81. 54Notices on-the-spot etc..
  82. 55Effect of fixed penalty notice given under section 54.
  83. 56Licence receipts. Repealed
  84. 57Endorsement of counterparts without hearings. Repealed
  85. 57AEndorsement of driving records without hearings
  86. 58Effect of endorsement of counterpart without hearing. Repealed
  87. 58AEffect of endorsement of driving record without hearing
  88. 59Notification of court and date of trial in England and Wales. Not yet in force
  89. 60. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Repealed
  90. 61Fixed penalty notice mistakenly given to licence holder: exclusion of fixed penalty procedures. Repealed
  91. 61AFixed penalty notice mistakenly given ...: exclusion of fixed penalty procedures
  92. Notices fixed to vehicles
  93. 62Fixing notices to vehicles.
  94. 63Service of notice to owner if penalty not paid.
  95. 64Enforcement or proceedings against owner.
  96. 65Restrictions on proceedings against owner and others.
  97. 66Hired vehicles.
  98. 67False statements in response to notices to owner.
  99. 68“Owner”, “statutory statement” and “official form”.
  100. The fixed penalty procedure
  101. 69Payment of penalty.
  102. 70Registration certificates.
  103. 71Registration of sums payable in default.
  104. 72Notices on-the-spot etc.: when registration and endorsement invalid.
  105. 73Notices fixed to vehicles: when registration invalid.
  106. 74Provisions supplementary to sections 72 and 73.
  107. Conditional offer of fixed penalty
  108. 75Issue of conditional offer.
  109. 76Effect of offer and payment of penalty.
  110. 77Endorsement of counterparts where penalty paid. Repealed
  111. 77AEndorsement of driving records where penalty paid
  112. Proceedings in fixed penalty cases
  113. 78General restriction on proceedings.
  114. 79Statements by constables.
  115. 80Certificates about payment etc.
  116. 81Documents signed by the accused.
  117. Miscellaneous
  118. 82Accounting for fixed penalties: England and Wales.
  119. 83Powers of court in cases of deception.
  120. 84Regulations.
  121. 84ANotices to Secretary of State
  122. 85Service of documents.
  123. 86Functions of traffic wardens.
  124. 87Guidance on application of Part III.
  125. 88Procedure for regulations and orders.
  126. 89Interpretation.
  127. 90Index to Part III.
  128. Part 3A: Financial penalty deposits
  129. 90APower to impose financial penalty deposit requirement
  130. 90BFinancial penalty deposit requirement
  131. 90CMaking of payment in compliance with requirement
  132. 90DProhibition on driving on failure to make payment
  133. 90EOrders about financial penalty deposits
  134. 90FFinancial penalty deposits: interpretation
  135. Part 3B: Courses offered as alternative to prosecution
  136. 90GPower to charge fees: England and Wales
  137. 90HPower to prevent courses being offered for repeat offences: England and Wales
  138. 90IFurther provision about regulations under this Part
  139. Part IV: Miscellaneous and General
  140. 91Penalty for breach of regulations.
  141. 91ZAApplication to Northern Ireland licence holders
  142. 91ZBEffect of endorsement on Northern Ireland licence holders Repealed
  143. 91AApplication to Community licence holders.
  144. 91BEffect of endorsement on Community licence holders. Repealed
  145. 92Application to Crown.
  146. 93Application of sections 15 and 16 to persons subject to service discipline.
  147. 94Proceedings in respect of offences in connection with Crown vehicles.
  148. 95Destination of Scottish fines.
  149. 96Meaning of “offence involving obligatory endorsement”.
  150. 97Meaning of “offence involving obligatory disqualification” and “offence involving discretionary disqualification”.
  151. 97AMeaning of “driving record”
  152. 98General interpretation.
  153. 99Short title, commencement and extent.
  154. Schedule 1: Offences to which sections 1, 6, 11 and 12(1) apply
  155. 1Paragraph 1
  156. 1AParagraph 1A
  157. 2Paragraph 2
  158. 3Paragraph 3
  159. 4Paragraph 4
  160. Schedule 2: Prosecution and Punishment of Offences
  161. IOffences under the Traffic Acts
  162. IIOther offences
  163. Schedule 3Fixed Penalty Offences
  164. Schedule 4: Statutory Statements
  165. Part I: Statutory Statement of Ownership or Hiring
  166. 1Paragraph 1
  167. 2Paragraph 2
  168. Part II: Statutory Statement of Facts
  169. 3Paragraph 3
  170. Schedule 5Scotland: Additional Offences Open to Conditional Offer