OpenLegislation

The Space Industry Regulations 2021 in England

Draft. This instrument was laid in draft and may differ from the one made. Look for the made version under its title.

Draft 2021, ISBN 9780348223682

Original text. legislation.gov.uk does not revise statutory instruments, so later amendments are not shown here. Changes made to it are listed under each provision when known.

Draft Regulations laid before Parliament under section 68(6) of the Space Industry Act 2018, for approval by resolution of each House of Parliament.

Space Industry

Made 2021

Coming into force ***

The Secretary of State, in exercise of the powers conferred by—

(a)

sections 2(7), 3(5), 4(2) and (4), 5(2)(a) to (c), 7(6)(a) to (e), 8(5) to (7), 9(2), (3), (5) and (6), 10(b), 13(3), 16(1) and (2)(a) to (c), 17(1) and (3), 18(1), (4) and (5), 19(1), 23(1), 26(3), 34(3)(a), (5) and (6), 35(5)(b), 36(3)(a), 54, 56(4), 59(2), 66(1) and (3), 68(1) to (3) of,

(b)

Schedule 2 to,

(c)

paragraphs 1(1), 1(3)(a) and (b), 2(1) and (3), 3(1) and (2), 5(a), 6(1)(c) and (3) of Schedule 3 to, and

(d)

paragraphs 1(1), (2), (4) and (5) of Schedule 5 to,

the Space Industry Act 2018f1, makes the following Regulations.

In accordance with section 4(2) of that Act, the Secretary of State is satisfied that in the cases set out in these Regulations, the requirement for an operator licencef2 is not necessary to secure public safety, to secure the health and safety of individuals taking part in spaceflight activities in a role or capacity prescribed under section 17(1) or to secure compliance with the international obligations of the United Kingdom.

In accordance with section 68(7) of that Act, the Secretary of State has carried out a public consultation.

In accordance with section 68(6) and (7) of that Act, a draft of this instrument and a report about the consultation have been laid before Parliament.

In accordance with section 68(6) of that Act, the draft has been approved by a resolution of each House of Parliament.

Annotations to the whole text

Footnotes

f1

2018 c. 5. See section 69(1) for the definition of “prescribed”.

f2

See section 3(2) of the Space Industry Act 2018 for the definition of “operator licence”.

Contents

  1. Part 1: General
  2. 1Citation, commencement and extent
  3. 2Interpretation
  4. Part 2: Appointment of the regulator
  5. 3Appointment of Civil Aviation Authority
  6. 4Concurrent appointment for functions of issuing guidance
  7. Part 3: Grant of a licence – general
  8. Chapter 1: Eligibility criteria and prescribed roles for licensees
  9. 5Application of eligibility criteria
  10. 6Eligibility criteria
  11. 7Prescribed roles: spaceport licensees
  12. 8Prescribed role: all operators
  13. 9Prescribed roles: spaceflight operators
  14. 10Additional prescribed role for operators to whom regulation 9 does not apply
  15. 11Prescribed roles: range control licensees
  16. 12Licensee’s duty to ensure necessary resources for individuals in prescribed roles
  17. 13Duty to inform regulator of changes: individuals in prescribed roles
  18. 14Offence of failure to inform regulator of changes: individuals in prescribed roles
  19. Chapter 2: Operator licences: exemptions
  20. 15Operator licences: exemptions
  21. Chapter 3: Grant of a licence: general
  22. 16Interpretation of this Chapter
  23. 17Delegation of power to the regulator
  24. 18How to apply for a licence
  25. 19How the regulator considers the application
  26. 20How the regulator determines the application
  27. 21Preparation of the licence and informing the applicant of its grant
  28. 22Informing the applicant of the refusal of a licence
  29. 23Renewal of a licence
  30. 24Withdrawal of an application for a licence
  31. Part 4: Grant of a spaceflight operator licence: risk
  32. Chapter 1: Interpretation
  33. 25Interpretation
  34. Chapter 2: Risks to persons who are not crew or spaceflight participants
  35. Steps applicant must take to ensure that risks are as low as reasonably practicable
  36. 26Flight safety analysis
  37. 27Ground safety analysis
  38. 28Steps to be taken for each identified hazard
  39. Information to be provided to the regulator
  40. 29Contents of the safety case
  41. 30Applicant to provide safety operations manual to regulator
  42. Chapter 3: Risk assessments
  43. 31Prescribed roles
  44. 32Prescribed requirements for risk assessment
  45. 33Information to be provided to regulator about risk assessment
  46. Part 5: Grant of a spaceport licence
  47. Chapter 1: Interpretation
  48. 34Interpretation
  49. Chapter 2: Prescribed criteria and requirements
  50. 35Grant of a spaceport licence: prescribed criteria for horizontal spaceports
  51. 36Grant of a spaceport licence: safety case requirement
  52. 37Grant of a spaceport licence: safety clear zone requirement
  53. 38Grant of a spaceport licence: siting assessment requirement
  54. Chapter 3: Members of the public
  55. 39“Members of the public”: prescribed meaning under section 2(7) for the purpose of section 10(a) (grant of a spaceport licence)
  56. 40Persons who are not members of the public
  57. Part 6: Range Control Services
  58. Chapter 1: Interpretation
  59. 41Interpretation
  60. Chapter 2: Requirements about the licensee’s capability
  61. 42The licensee’s organisation and management
  62. Chapter 3: Agreements with relevant authorities
  63. 43Relevant agreements
  64. 44Relevant authorities
  65. 45Communication with relevant authorities
  66. Chapter 4: The range and hazard areas
  67. 46Identification of the designated range
  68. 47Identification of hazard areas
  69. 48Monitoring of a hazard area
  70. Chapter 5: Notification requirements
  71. 49Requirement to notify persons
  72. 50Notification requirements
  73. 51Warning notices
  74. Chapter 6: Safety
  75. 52Safety and quality management systems requirement
  76. Chapter 7: Applicable conditions where an operator is authorised to provide range control services in respect of the operator’s spaceflight activities
  77. 53Application
  78. 54Conditions applying to spaceflight operator
  79. Part 7: Training, qualifications and medical fitness
  80. Chapter 1: General
  81. 55Interpretation
  82. 56Specified roles and criteria
  83. 57Specified capacities and criteria
  84. 58Responsibility of licensees
  85. 59Training resources
  86. 60Records
  87. Chapter 2: The training manager
  88. 61The training manager
  89. 62The training manager (application for approval)
  90. 63The training manager’s functions
  91. 64Approval of the appointment of training manager
  92. 65Termination of the training manager’s approval
  93. Chapter 3: Training manual
  94. 66Training manual
  95. 67Approval of the training manual
  96. 68Changes to the training manual
  97. Chapter 4: Training programme
  98. 69Training programme
  99. 70Training and assessments
  100. 71Training equipment
  101. Chapter 5: Medical Fitness
  102. 72Medical obligations
  103. 73Certificates and confirmation of medical fitness
  104. 74Illness, injury and related conditions
  105. 75Disability
  106. 76Validity of medical certificate
  107. 77Medical records
  108. Part 8: Safety of operator’s spaceflight activities
  109. Chapter 1: Interpretation
  110. 78Interpretation
  111. Chapter 2: A spaceflight operator’s safety duty
  112. 79A spaceflight operator’s safety duty
  113. Chapter 3: Review and revision of safety case and risk assessment
  114. 80Safety case and risk assessment review and revision requirements
  115. 81Steps required after review, or review and revision, of the safety case
  116. 82Steps required after review, or review and revision, of the risk assessment
  117. Chapter 4: Other safety requirements
  118. Demonstrating requirements
  119. 83Demonstration of compliance with safety requirements
  120. Requirements about a spaceflight operator’s organisation and management
  121. 84A spaceflight operator’s organisation
  122. 85Safety management system
  123. Requirements about specific safety roles
  124. 86Responsibilities of the safety manager
  125. 87Responsibilities of the accountable manager
  126. 88Responsibilities of the launch director
  127. 89Flight termination personnel
  128. Safety operations manual
  129. 90Safety operations manual
  130. Preparations for launch, return and other operations
  131. 91The launch vehicle
  132. 92The launch vehicle’s ground support equipment
  133. 93A reusable launch vehicle
  134. 94Verification and validation by testing etc. of the launch vehicle and the ground support equipment
  135. 95The spaceport (or other place of launch or landing) and the range
  136. 96Communication during the operator’s spaceflight activities
  137. 97Monitoring the environmental and meteorological conditions
  138. 98Dangerous goods
  139. Launch, return and other operations
  140. 99Conditions for commencing the operator’s spaceflight activities
  141. 100During flight: monitoring and termination
  142. 101Additional requirement relating to the launch vehicle during operator’s spaceflight activities
  143. Recording and retaining information for safety purposes
  144. 102Information on human occupants and dangerous goods on board a launch vehicle
  145. 103Recording, collecting and retaining information made before or during the operator’s spaceflight activities
  146. Emergency response
  147. 104Emergency response plan requirement
  148. Chapter 5: Additional safety requirements for launch vehicles with human occupants
  149. Interpretation
  150. 105Interpretation
  151. The crew or remote pilots
  152. 106The roles and duties of each member of the crew or a remote pilot
  153. 107Information about the flight
  154. 108Authority to pilot in command or remote pilot
  155. The launch vehicle
  156. 109Additional conditions if the launch vehicle has a human occupant
  157. 110Numbers of crew or spaceflight participants on board
  158. 111Accessibility of instruments and equipment
  159. 112Emergency equipment
  160. 113Atmospheric conditions on board
  161. Specific obligations of pilot in command, flight crew or remote pilot
  162. 114Obligations of pilot in command or remote pilot immediately before the flight
  163. 115Obligations of pilot in command or remote pilot to carry out flight safely
  164. 116Pilot in command, flight crew or remote pilot to remain at stations
  165. 117Pilot in command’s obligations to a spaceflight participant about stations
  166. 118Remote pilot’s obligations to a spaceflight participant about stations
  167. 119Launch director’s or safety manager’s obligations to a spaceflight participant about stations
  168. Spaceflight participants
  169. 120Prohibiting the launch vehicle carrying a spaceflight participant
  170. 121A spaceflight participant to remain at station
  171. 122Availability of seating requirement to a spaceflight participant
  172. Human occupant: information to be given after consent form is signed
  173. 123Information about the operator’s spaceflight activities
  174. Chapter 6: Offences and penalties
  175. 124Failure of launch director to check conditions met before operator’s spaceflight activities commence
  176. 125Failure of flight termination personnel to follow obligation to make a flight termination decision
  177. 126Failure of a pilot in command or remote pilot to carry out obligations before the flight
  178. 127Failure of pilot in command or remote pilot to carry out flight safely
  179. 128Failure of a pilot in command, flight crew or a remote pilot to remain at stations
  180. 129Failure of a pilot in command to carry out obligations to a spaceflight participant about stations
  181. 130Failure of a remote pilot to carry out obligations to a spaceflight participant about stations
  182. 131Failure of a launch director or a safety manager to carry out obligations to a spaceflight participant about stations
  183. 132Failure of a spaceflight participant to remain at station
  184. 133Penalties
  185. Part 9: Cosmic radiation requirements: crew of a launch vehicle and crew of a carrier aircraft
  186. Chapter 1: Interpretation
  187. 134Interpretation
  188. Chapter 2: Generally applicable provisions
  189. 135Authorisation and prohibition on exposure
  190. 136Risk of exposure of crew members to cosmic radiation
  191. 137Requirements to assess and inform
  192. 138Protection of pregnant crew
  193. 139Monitoring of exposure to cosmic radiation: crew other than classified crew
  194. 140Provision of information and training to crew
  195. 141Overexposure
  196. 142Continued working of overexposed crew
  197. Chapter 3: Provisions relating to classified crew
  198. 143Classification of crew
  199. 144Medical surveillance
  200. 145Health records
  201. 146Monitoring of exposure to cosmic radiation: classified crew
  202. 147Records of exposure to cosmic radiation of classified crew
  203. 148Access to records of individual exposure to cosmic radiation
  204. Chapter 4: Instruction of experts
  205. 149Instruction of experts
  206. Chapter 5: Consequential amendments to Air Navigation Order
  207. 150Consequential amendments
  208. Part 10: Spaceport safety
  209. Chapter 1: Interpretation
  210. 151Interpretation
  211. Chapter 2: A spaceport licensee’s safety duty
  212. 152A spaceport licensee’s safety duty
  213. Chapter 3: Horizontal spaceport location requirement
  214. 153Horizontal spaceport location requirement
  215. Chapter 4: Safety case: retention, review and revision
  216. 154Requirement to retain the safety case
  217. 155Safety case review and revision requirement
  218. 156Steps required after review, or review and revision, of safety case
  219. Chapter 5: Safety clear zones
  220. 157Safety clear zone requirement
  221. Chapter 6: Hazardous material, testing areas and safety equipment at spaceports
  222. 158Hazardous material storage facilities: location requirements and plan
  223. 159Hazardous material: handling and venting areas
  224. 160Propellants etc.: fit for purpose requirement
  225. 161Static engine test area
  226. 162Safety equipment
  227. Chapter 7: Requirements about the spaceport licensee’s organisation and management
  228. 163Safety management system requirement
  229. 164Spaceport manual requirement
  230. Chapter 8: Emergencies
  231. 165Emergency response plan requirement
  232. 166Spaceport rescue and fire-fighting provision
  233. 167Powers of spaceport firefighters in an emergency
  234. Part 11: Security
  235. Chapter 1: Interpretation
  236. 168Interpretation
  237. Chapter 2: Physical and personnel security
  238. 169Responsibilities of a security manager
  239. 170Space site security programme
  240. 171Operator security programme
  241. 172Access control to space sites: sufficient security measures
  242. 173Access control to space sites: further provisions
  243. 174Space site security restricted area and controlled area
  244. 175Access control to space sites: emergency services
  245. 176Security controls for prohibited articles
  246. 177Security controls for supplies
  247. 178Security controls for payloads and launch vehicles
  248. 179Access control to space sites: approval of suppliers
  249. 180Surveillance of space sites
  250. 181Security controls: hazardous material
  251. 182Protection of carrier aircraft, launch vehicle or payload: pre-integration
  252. 183Protection of carrier aircraft, launch vehicle or payload: post-integration
  253. 184Security controls for flight safety systems
  254. Chapter 3: Cyber security
  255. 185Spaceflight cyber security strategy
  256. 186Duty to report a notifiable incident to the regulator
  257. Chapter 4: Vetting, clearance, training and qualifications
  258. 187National security vetting procedures
  259. 188Appropriate security training and qualifications
  260. 189Training records and qualifications
  261. 190Renewal of security training
  262. Chapter 5: Critical national infrastructure and essential services
  263. 191Spaceflight activities: critical national infrastructure and essential services
  264. Chapter 6: Security provisions for the protection of US technology
  265. 192Segregated areas
  266. 193Control of access to segregated area
  267. 194Control of access to imported US technology
  268. 195Monitoring and oversight of US technology
  269. 196Monitoring and oversight of launch activities
  270. 197Restrictions on the use of and access to US technology
  271. 198Restrictions on importing US technology
  272. 199Security training for spaceflight activities involving US technology
  273. 200Return of US technology if export licence etc. is revoked
  274. 201Processing of US technology after a normal launch
  275. 202Information about nationality of contributors to launch activities etc.
  276. Part 12: Informed consent
  277. Chapter 1: Interpretation
  278. 203Interpretation
  279. Chapter 2: Prescribed matters
  280. 204Prescribed role or capacity
  281. 205Prescribed criteria with respect to age and mental capacity
  282. Chapter 3: The consent form
  283. 206Details to be included in the consent form
  284. 207Statements to be included in the consent form
  285. 208No derogation from statements in the consent form
  286. Chapter 4: Information to be given to a human occupant before the consent form is signed
  287. 209Information about operator’s spaceflight activities carried out by the spaceflight operator
  288. 210Information about the operator’s spaceflight activities
  289. 211Opportunity for questions
  290. Chapter 5: Procedural requirements with regard to the signification of consent
  291. 212Who prepares the consent form
  292. 213When a human occupant signs the consent form
  293. 214What happens after the consent form is signed
  294. Chapter 6: Evidential requirements with regard to the information and the signification of consent
  295. 215A written record of the information provided to the human occupant
  296. 216The signification of consent
  297. 217The consent form as evidence of signification of consent
  298. Part 13: Liabilities and indemnities
  299. 218Prescribed description of individuals to whom section 34(2) does not apply
  300. 219Prescribed cases or circumstances under which a limit on the operator’s liability to government does not apply
  301. 220Limit on the amount of operator’s liability
  302. 221Duty of the Secretary of State to indemnify
  303. Part 14: Monitoring and enforcement
  304. Chapter 1: General
  305. 222Interpretation
  306. 223Offence to obstruct inspector or regulator
  307. 224Penalty for obstructing inspector or regulator
  308. 225Offence to impersonate inspector
  309. 226Penalty for impersonating inspector
  310. Chapter 2: Obligation to provide information to the regulator
  311. 227Persons to whom obligation applies
  312. 228Information notices
  313. 229Obligation to provide information to regulator
  314. 230Offence of failing to comply with information notice
  315. 231Penalty for failing to comply with information notice
  316. 232Offence of providing false information
  317. 233Penalty for providing false information
  318. 234Offences of false recording
  319. 235Defence to offences of false recording
  320. 236Penalty for false recording
  321. Chapter 3: Inspectors
  322. Appointment and powers
  323. 237Appointment of inspector
  324. 238Duties of inspector
  325. 239Powers of inspector
  326. 240References to inspector
  327. Powers exercisable by inspectors
  328. 241Power of entry
  329. 242Power to take persons and equipment etc. onto premises or vehicle
  330. 243Powers of inspection and examination and to take samples
  331. 244Powers to require information and documents
  332. 245Powers exercisable in relation to particular articles or substances
  333. 246Power to require the use of facilities and assistance
  334. 247Power to issue contravention notice
  335. 248Power to issue warning notice
  336. 249Power to issue prohibition notice
  337. 250Appealing against notice under regulation 249
  338. 251Supplementary powers
  339. 252Protection for documents subject to legal professional privilege etc.
  340. Chapter 4: Sharing of information between regulator and other bodies
  341. 253Regulator may share information
  342. Chapter 5: Restrictions on disclosure of information
  343. Prohibition against disclosure of protected information
  344. 254Meaning of “protected information”
  345. 255Prohibition on disclosing protected information
  346. 256Offence of disclosing protected information
  347. 257Defences to offence of disclosing protected information
  348. 258Penalty for disclosing protected information
  349. Exceptions to prohibition against disclosure of protected information
  350. 259Disclosure with consent
  351. 260Disclosure by the regulator, inspectors etc.
  352. 261Disclosure to authorities
  353. 262Disclosure required under legislation
  354. 263Legal proceedings, inquiries and investigations
  355. 264Anonymised information
  356. Part 15: Civil sanctions (stop notices)
  357. 265Stop notices
  358. 266Contents of stop notice
  359. 267Completion certificate
  360. 268Compensation
  361. 269Offence of failing to comply with stop notice
  362. Part 16: Occurrence reporting
  363. Chapter 1: Interpretation
  364. 270Interpretation
  365. Chapter 2: Duty to report an occurrence and the objective of that report
  366. 271Duty to report an occurrence
  367. 272Objective of an occurrence report
  368. Chapter 3: Events elsewhere which could threaten safety
  369. 273When an event elsewhere which could result in an accident is an occurrence
  370. Chapter 4: Contents of the occurrence report
  371. 274Contents of the occurrence report
  372. 275Categories of occurrence
  373. Chapter 5: The regulator’s actions when it receives an occurrence report
  374. 276What the regulator must do on receipt of an occurrence report
  375. Chapter 6: Confidential information
  376. 277Protection of information and permitted disclosures
  377. 278Court application for disclosure
  378. Chapter 7: Offences and penalties
  379. 279Providing false information
  380. 280Failure to protect confidential information
  381. 281Penalties
  382. Part 17: Miscellaneous
  383. 282Duty on licensee to inform regulator of changes
  384. 283Offence of failure to inform regulator of changes
  385. 284Penalty for failure to inform regulator of changes
  386. 285Sending of notices and other documents
  387. 286Use of records and documentary evidence: prescribed persons
  388. 287Review
  389. Signature
  390. Schedule 1: Information the safety case must contain
  391. 1General information
  392. 2General information
  393. 3General information
  394. 4General information
  395. 5General information
  396. 6General information
  397. 7General information
  398. 8General information
  399. 9General information
  400. 10General information
  401. 11Technical particulars
  402. 12Technical particulars
  403. 13Technical particulars
  404. 14Technical particulars
  405. 15Technical particulars
  406. 16Technical particulars
  407. 17Technical particulars
  408. 18Flight safety analysis
  409. 19Ground safety analysis
  410. Schedule 2Matters applicant must take into account for the risk assessment
  411. Schedule 3: Training and qualification
  412. Part 1: Specified criteria
  413. 1Launch directors
  414. 2Launch directors
  415. 3Launch directors
  416. 4Launch directors
  417. 5Launch directors
  418. 6Launch directors
  419. 7Launch directors
  420. 8Flight termination personnel
  421. 9Flight termination personnel
  422. 10Flight termination personnel
  423. 11Flight termination personnel
  424. 12Flight termination personnel
  425. 13Flight crew and remote pilots
  426. 14Flight crew and remote pilots
  427. 15Flight crew and remote pilots
  428. 16Flight crew and remote pilots
  429. 17Flight crew and remote pilots
  430. 18Flight crew and remote pilots
  431. 19Flight crew and remote pilots
  432. 20Flight crew and remote pilots
  433. 21Sub-orbital aircraft engineers
  434. 22Range operations manager
  435. 23Range operations manager
  436. 24Range operations manager
  437. 25Range safety manager
  438. 26Range safety manager
  439. 27Range safety manager
  440. 28Range safety manager
  441. 29Range safety manager
  442. Part 2: Training manual
  443. 30Paragraph 30
  444. 31Paragraph 31
  445. 32Paragraph 32
  446. 33Paragraph 33
  447. 34Paragraph 34
  448. 35Paragraph 35
  449. 36Paragraph 36
  450. 37Paragraph 37
  451. 38Paragraph 38
  452. 39Paragraph 39
  453. 40Paragraph 40
  454. 41Paragraph 41
  455. 42Paragraph 42
  456. 43Paragraph 43
  457. 44Paragraph 44
  458. 45Paragraph 45
  459. 46Paragraph 46
  460. 47Paragraph 47
  461. Part 3: Training for specified roles and capacities
  462. 48Paragraph 48
  463. 49Paragraph 49
  464. 50Paragraph 50
  465. 51Paragraph 51
  466. 52Paragraph 52
  467. Schedule 4: Requirements and matters to be addressed by safety management systems
  468. 1Paragraph 1
  469. 2Paragraph 2
  470. 3Paragraph 3
  471. 4Paragraph 4
  472. 5Paragraph 5
  473. Schedule 5: Safety operations manual
  474. 1Paragraph 1
  475. 2Paragraph 2
  476. 3Fatigue and other human factors
  477. 4Fatigue and other human factors
  478. 5Fatigue and other human factors
  479. 6Fatigue and other human factors
  480. 7Preparations for launch, return and other operations
  481. 8Preparations for launch, return and other operations
  482. 9Preparations for launch, return and other operations
  483. 10Preparations for launch, return and other operations
  484. 11Preparations for launch, return and other operations
  485. 12Preparations for launch, return and other operations
  486. 13Preparations for launch, return and other operations
  487. 14Preparations for launch, return and other operations
  488. 15Launch and other operations
  489. 16Launch and other operations
  490. 17Launch and other operations
  491. 18Launch and other operations
  492. 19Launch and other operations
  493. 20Launch and other operations
  494. 21Launch and other operations
  495. 22Launch and other operations
  496. 23Launch vehicles with crew or a remote pilot
  497. 24Emergency response
  498. 25Emergency response
  499. 26Ground support equipment
  500. 27Making, collecting and retaining information
  501. Schedule 6Information to be included in a health record
  502. Schedule 7: Amendments to the Air Navigation (Cosmic Radiation: Protection of Air Crew and Space Crew and Consequential Amendments) Order 2019
  503. 1Paragraph 1
  504. 2Paragraph 2
  505. 3Paragraph 3
  506. 4Paragraph 4
  507. 5Paragraph 5
  508. 6Paragraph 6
  509. 7Paragraph 7
  510. 8Paragraph 8
  511. 9Paragraph 9
  512. 10Paragraph 10
  513. 11Paragraph 11
  514. 12Paragraph 12
  515. 13Paragraph 13
  516. 14Paragraph 14
  517. Schedule 8: Information and instructions which must be included in a spaceport manual
  518. 1Paragraph 1
  519. 2Paragraph 2
  520. 3Paragraph 3
  521. 4Paragraph 4
  522. 5Paragraph 5
  523. 6Paragraph 6
  524. 7Paragraph 7
  525. 8Paragraph 8
  526. 9Paragraph 9
  527. 10Paragraph 10
  528. 11Paragraph 11
  529. 12Paragraph 12
  530. 13Paragraph 13
  531. 14Paragraph 14
  532. 15Paragraph 15
  533. 16Paragraph 16
  534. 17Paragraph 17
  535. 18Paragraph 18
  536. 19Paragraph 19
  537. Explanatory note