Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2019/1119 of 28 June 2019 on the approval of efficient vehicle exterior lighting using light emitting diodes for use in internal combustion engine vehicles and non-externally chargeable hybrid electrified vehicles as an innovative technology for reducing CO2 emissions from passenger cars pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 443/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council (Text with EEA relevance)

EU Decision 2019/1119 · Adopted 28 June 2019 · Extends to United Kingdom

Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2019/1119

of 28 June 2019

on the approval of efficient vehicle exterior lighting using light emitting diodes for use in internal combustion engine vehicles and non-externally chargeable hybrid electrified vehicles as an innovative technology for reducing CO₂ emissions from passenger cars pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 443/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council

(Text with EEA relevance)

THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION,

Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union,

Having regard to Regulation (EC) No 443/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 setting emission performance standards for new passenger cars as part of the Community's integrated approach to reduce CO₂ emissions from light duty vehicles^f1, and in particular Article 12(4) thereof,

Whereas:

(1)

On 6 September 2018, the manufacturers Toyota Motor Europe NV/SA, Opel Automobile GmbH – PSA, FCA Italy S.p.A., Automobiles Citroën, Automobiles Peugeot, PSA Automobiles SA, Audi AG, Ford Werke GmbH, Jaguar Land Rover, Hyundai Motor Europe Technical Center GmbH, Škoda Auto a.s., BMW AG, Renault SA, Honda Motor Europe Ltd, Volkswagen AG and Volkswagen AG Nutzfahrzeuge (the ‘applicants’), submitted a joint application for the approval of efficient vehicle exterior lighting using light emitting diodes (efficient LED lighting) for use in internal combustion engine vehicles and non-externally chargeable hybrid electrified vehicles as an innovative technology. The application has been assessed in accordance with Article 12 of Regulation (EC) No 443/2009 and Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 725/2011^f2.

(2)

Efficient LED lighting is a lighting module equipped with light emitting diodes sources that has lower power consumption than conventional halogen lighting.

(3)

The application has been assessed in accordance with Article 12 of Regulation (EC) No 443/2009, Implementing Regulation (EU) No 725/2011 and the Technical Guidelines for the preparation of applications for the approval of innovative technologies pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 443/2009 (Technical Guidelines, version July 2018).

(4)

The application concerns CO₂ savings from the use of efficient LED lighting as assessed by reference to the Worldwide Harmonised Light Vehicle Test Procedure (WLTP) set out in Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/1151^f3.

(5)

Efficient LED lighting has already been approved by Commission Implementing Decisions 2014/128/EU^f4, (EU) 2015/206^f5, (EU) 2016/160^f6, (EU) 2016/587^f7 and (EU) 2016/1721^f8 as an innovative technology capable of reducing CO₂ emissions by reference to the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) set out in Commission Regulation (EC) No 692/2008^f9. Based on the experience gained from those Decisions, as well as taking into account the current application, it has been satisfactorily and conclusively demonstrated that efficient LED lighting including one or more appropriate combinations of efficient LED lights, such as the low beam headlamp, high beam headlamp, front position, front fog, rear fog, front turn signal, rear turn signal, licence plate and reversing lamps, meet the eligibility criteria referred to in Article 12 of Regulation (EC) No 443/2009 and Implementing Regulation (EU) No 725/2011.

(6)

The CO₂ savings from the use of efficient LED lighting may be partially demonstrated on the WLTP test. However, the applicants have provided a testing methodology with which it can be demonstrated, in a way capable of producing repeatable, verifiable and comparable results, that the savings achieved, whilst taking the partial coverage into account, are at least 0,5 g CO₂/km.

(7)

In order to ensure continuity, in particular with regard to the transition from the application of the NEDC to the WLTP CO₂ emissions test, it is appropriate to maintain halogen lighting as the baseline technology as provided for in Implementing Decisions 2014/128/EU, (EU) 2015/206, (EU) 2016/160, (EU) 2016/587, and (EU) 2016/1721.

(8)

Manufacturers should have the possibility to apply with a type-approval authority for the certification of CO₂ savings from the use of efficient LED lightings in internal combustion engine vehicles and non-externally chargeable hybrid electrified vehicles. The manufacturer should for that purpose ensure that the application for certification is accompanied by a verification report from an independent verification body confirming the level of CO₂ savings to be certified and that all relevant conditions are met.

(9)

If the type approval authority finds that the LED lighting does not satisfy the conditions for certification, the application for certification of the savings should be rejected.

(10)

In order to facilitate a wider deployment of efficient LED lighting in new vehicles, a manufacturer should also have the possibility to apply for the certification of the CO₂ savings from several efficient LED lightings by a single certification application. It is however appropriate to ensure that, where that possibility is used, a mechanism is applied that incentivises the deployment of only those LED lighting that offer the highest efficiency.

(11)

The CO₂ savings certified pursuant to this Decision are to be taken into account for the calculation of the average specific CO₂ emissions of manufacturers starting from calendar year 2021.

(12)

For the purposes of determining the general eco-innovation code to be used in the relevant type approval documents in accordance with Annexes I, VIII and IX to Directive 2007/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council^f10, the individual code to be used for the innovative technology for efficient LED Lightings for internal combustion engine vehicles and non-externally chargeable hybrid electrified vehicles should be specified,

HAS ADOPTED THIS DECISION:

Annotations to the whole text

Footnotes

f1: OJ L 140, 5.6.2009, p. 1.
f2: Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 725/2011 of 25 July 2011 establishing a procedure for the approval and certification of innovative technologies for reducing CO₂ emissions from passenger cars pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 443/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ L 194, 26.7.2011, p. 19).
f3: Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/1151 of 1 June 2017 supplementing Regulation (EC) No 715/2007 of the European Parliament and of the Council on type-approval of motor vehicles with respect to emissions from light passenger and commercial vehicles (Euro 5 and Euro 6) and on access to vehicle repair and maintenance information, amending Directive 2007/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council, Commission Regulation (EC) No 692/2008 and Commission Regulation (EU) No 1230/2012 and repealing Commission Regulation (EC) No 692/2008 (OJ L 175, 7.7.2017, p. 1).
f4: Commission Implementing Decision 2014/128/EU of 10 March 2014 on the approval of the light emitting diodes low beam module ‘E-Light’ as an innovative technology for reducing CO₂ emissions from passenger cars pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 443/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ L 70, 11.3.2014, p. 30).
f5: Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2015/206 of 9 February 2015 on the approval of the Daimler AG efficient exterior lighting using light emitting diodes as an innovative technology for reducing CO₂ emissions from passenger cars pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 443/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ L 33, 10.2.2015, p. 52).
f6: Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2016/160 of 5 February 2016 on the approval of the Toyota Motor Europe efficient exterior lighting using light emitting diodes as an innovative technology for reducing CO₂ emissions from passenger cars pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 443/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ L 31, 6.2.2016, p. 70).
f7: Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2016/587 of 14 April 2016 on the approval of the technology used in efficient vehicle exterior lighting using light emitting diodes as an innovative technology for reducing CO₂ emissions from passenger cars pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 443/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ L 101, 16.4.2016, p. 17).
f8: Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2016/1721 of 26 September 2016 on the approval of the Toyota efficient exterior lighting using light emitting diodes for the use in non-externally chargeable hybrid electrified vehicles as an innovative technology for reducing CO₂ emissions from passenger cars pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 443/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ L 259, 27.9.2016, p. 71).
f9: Commission Regulation (EC) No 692/2008 of 18 July 2008 implementing and amending Regulation (EC) No 715/2007 of the European Parliament and of the Council on type-approval of motor vehicles with respect to emissions from light passenger and commercial vehicles (Euro 5 and Euro 6) and on access to vehicle repair and maintenance information (OJ L 199, 28.7.2008, p. 1).
f10: Directive 2007/46/EC of the European Parliament and the Council of 5 September 2007 establishing a framework for the approval of motor vehicles and their trailers, and of systems, components and separate technical units intended for such vehicles (Framework Directive) (OJ L 263, 9.10.2007, p. 1).

1Approval
2Definition
3Application for certification of CO2 savings
4Certification of CO2 savings
5Transitional period and eco-innovation codes
6Entry into force Repealed
Annex: Methodology to determine the CO2 savings of efficient LED lighting by reference to the Worldwide Harmonised Light Vehicle Test Procedure
1INTRODUCTION
SYMBOLS, PARAMETERS AND UNITS
Latin symbols
Subscripts
3TESTING CONDITIONS
Test equipment
Test set-up
Measurements and determination of the power savings
Additional measurements for Low beam Adaptive Front Lighting System (AFS)
Formula 1
Formula 2
CALCULATION OF THE CO2 SAVINGS AND STATISTICAL MARGIN
4.1Calculation of the CO2 savings
4.1.1Internal combustion engine powered passenger cars and NOVC-HEVs of category M 1 for which uncorrected measured fuel consumption and CO 2 emission values may be used in accordance with paragraph 1.1.4 of Appendix 2 to Sub-Annex 8 to Annex XXI to Regulation (EU) 2017/1151
Formula 3
4.1.2NOVC-HEVs not falling within the scope of point 4.1.1
Formula 4
4.2Calculation of the statistical margin
4.2.1Internal combustion engine powered passenger cars and NOVC-HEVs of category M 1 for which uncorrected measured fuel consumption and CO 2 emission values may be used in accordance with paragraph 1.1.4of Appendix 2 to Sub-Annex 8 to Annex XXI to Regulation (EU) 2017/1151
Formula 5
Formula 6
4.2.2NOVC-HEVs not falling within the scope of point 4.2.1
Formula 7
Formula 8
Formula 9
4.3Statistical margin for Low beam AFS
Formula 10
Formula 11
5ROUNDING
6STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE
Formula 12

1Approval

The technology used in efficient light emitting diodes (LED) lighting is approved as an innovative technology within the meaning of Article 12 of Regulation (EC) No 443/2009, where that innovative technology is used for the purpose of external lighting in internal combustion engine passenger cars and non-externally chargeable hybrid electrified passenger cars.

2Definition

For the purpose of this Decision, efficient LED lighting means a technology consisting of a lighting module that is equipped with light emitting diode (LED) sources that are used for the exterior lighting of a vehicle and that has a lower power consumption than conventional halogen lighting.

3Application for certification of CO2 savings

Any manufacturer may apply for the certification of CO₂ savings from one or several exterior efficient LED lightings where those are used for the external lighting of internal combustion engine M₁ vehicles and non-externally chargeable hybrid electrified M₁ vehicles. The efficient LED lighting shall include one or a combination of the following LED lights:

(a)

low beam headlamp (including adaptative front lighting system);

(b)

high beam headlamp;

(c)

front position lamp;

(d)

front fog lamp;

(e)

rear fog lamp;

(f)

front turn signal lamp;

(g)

rear turn signal lamp;

(h)

licence plate lamp;

(i)

reversing lamp;

(j)

cornering lamp;

(k)

static bending lamp.

The LED light or the combination of LED lights forming the efficient LED lighting shall as a minimum provide the CO₂ reduction specified in Article 9(1)(b) of Implementing Regulation (EU) No 725/2011 as demonstrated using the testing methodology set out in the Annex to this Decision.

An application for the certification of the savings from one or a combination of efficient LED lighting shall be accompanied by an independent verification report confirming that the conditions set out in paragraph 1 are met.

The F1Secretary of State shall reject the application for certification if F2Secretary of State finds that the conditions set out in paragraph 1 are not met.

4Certification of CO2 savings

The reduction in CO₂ emissions from the use of an efficient LED lighting referred to in Article 3(1) shall be determined using the methodology set out in the Annex.

Where a manufacturer applies for the certification of the CO₂ savings from more than one efficient LED lighting referred to in Article 3(1) in relation to one vehicle version, the type approval authority shall determine which of the efficient LED lighting tested delivers the lowest CO₂ savings, and record the lowest value in the relevant type approval documentation. That value shall be indicated in the certificate of conformity in accordance with Article 11(2) of Implementing Regulation (EU) No 725/2011.

F12a.

Where the innovative technology is fitted in a bi-fuel or flex-fuel vehicle, the approval authority shall record the CO₂ savings as follows:

(a)
for a bi-fuel vehicle using petrol and gaseous fuels, the CO₂ savings with regard to LPG or CNG fuels;
(b)
for a flex-fuel vehicle using petrol and E85, the CO₂ savings with regard to petrol.

The F2Secretary of State shall record the verification report and the test results on the basis of which the savings were determined F3....

5Transitional period and eco-innovation codesF1

Until 24 March 2021 , a manufacturer may apply for certification of the CO ₂ savings by the type approval authority pursuant to this Decision in its version of 28 June 2019 . Where that is the case, the eco-innovation code No 28 shall be entered into the type approval documentation.

Where the manufacturer applies for certification of the CO ₂ savings by the type approval authority pursuant to this Decision without making reference to its version of 28 June 2019 , the eco-innovation code No 37 shall be entered into the type approval documentation.

CO ₂ savings recorded by reference to the eco-innovation code No 28 or No 37 may be taken into account for the calculation of the average specific emissions of a manufacturer starting from calendar year 2021.

6Entry into forceF1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1INTRODUCTION

In order to determine the CO₂ emission reductions that can be attributed to efficient LED lighting consisting of an appropriate combination of external vehicle LED lights for the use in internal combustion engine M1 vehicles and non-externally chargeable hybrid electrified M1 vehicles, it is necessary to establish the following:

(1)

the test conditions;
(2)

the test equipment;
(3)

the procedure to determine the power savings;
(4)

the procedure to determine the CO₂ savings;
(5)

the procedure to determine the uncertainty of the CO₂ savings.

Latin symbols

AFS

Adaptive Front lighting System

Baseline

CO₂

Carbon dioxide

C_{{CO}_{2}}

CO₂ savings [g CO₂/km]

Number of classes of the adaptive front lighting system

F1CF

Conversion factor as defined in Table 5

Eco-innovative

HEV

Hybrid Electrified Vehicle

K_{{CO}_{2}}

CO₂ correction factor, $[(\frac{{gCO}_{2}}{km}) ∕ (\frac{Wh}{km})]$ as defined in Regulation (EU) 2017/1151 Sub-Annex 8 Appendix 2

\bar{K_{{CO}_{2}}}

Average of the T values of $K_{{CO}_{2_{t}}}$ $[(\frac{{gCO}_{2}}{km}) ∕ (\frac{Wh}{km})]$

Number of efficient exterior LED lights composing the package

Minimum threshold [g CO₂/km]

Number of measurements of the sample

NOVC

Not Off-Vehicle Charging

Power consumption of the vehicle light [W]

P_{B_{i}}

Power consumption of the corresponding i light in a baseline vehicle [W]

P_{c_{n}}

Power consumption of the corresponding n sample for each class vehicle [W]

\bar{P_{c}}

Power consumption for each class of vehicle (average of the n measurements) [W]

P_{{EI}_{AFS}}

Power consumption of the Low beam AFS [W]

\bar{P_{{EI}_{i}}}

Average power consumption of the corresponding eco-innovative vehicle light [W]

ΔP_i

Power savings of each efficient exterior LED light [W]

s_{C_{{CO}_{2}}}

Standard deviation of the total CO₂ savings [g CO₂/km]

s_{K_{{CO}_{2}}}

Standard deviation of the $K_{{CO}_{2}}$ $[(\frac{{gCO}_{2}}{km}) ∕ (\frac{Wh}{km})]$

s_{\bar{K_{{CO}_{2}}}}

Standard deviation of average of the T values of $K_{{CO}_{2_{t}}}$ $[(\frac{{gCO}_{2}}{km}) ∕ (\frac{Wh}{km})]$

s_{\bar{P_{c}}}

Standard deviation of average of power consumption for each class of vehicle [W]

s_{P_{EI}}

Standard deviation of the LED light power consumption in eco-innovative vehicle [W]

s_{\bar{P_{EI}}}

Standard deviation of the average LED light power consumption mean in eco-innovative vehicle [W]

s_{\bar{P_{{EI}_{AFS}}}}

Uncertainty or Standard deviation of average of power of the Low beam AFS [W]

Number of measurements performed by the manufacturer for the extrapolation of the $K_{{CO}_{2}}$

Driving duration of the Worldwide Light vehicles Test Cycle (WLTC) [s], which is 1 800 s

Usage factor for the vehicle light [-] as defined in Table 6

Mean driving speed of the Worldwide Light vehicles Test Cycle (WLTC) [km/h]

V _Pe

Consumption of effective power as defined in Table 4

share_c

Time percentage per speed band in each vehicle class

Sensitivity of calculated CO₂ savings related to the LED light power consumption

Sensitivity of calculated CO₂ savings related to the CO₂ correction factor

η_A

Efficiency of the alternator [-]

η_DCDC

Efficiency of the DC-DC converter [-]

Subscripts

Index (c) refers to number of class of the adaptive front lighting system measurement of the sample

Index (i) refers to each vehicle lights

Index (j) refers to measurement of the sample

Index (t) refers to each number of measurements of T

3TESTING CONDITIONS

The testing conditions shall fulfil the requirements of UN/ECE Regulations Nos 4^f1, 6^f2, 7^f3, 19^f4, 23^f5, 38^f6, 48^f7, 100^f8, 112^f9, 119^f10 and 123^f11. The power consumption shall be determined in accordance with point 6.1.4 of UN/ECE Regulation No 112, and points 3.2.1 and 3.2.2 of Annex 10 to that Regulation.

For the low beam adaptive front lighting system (AFS) falling within at least two of the Classes C, E, V or W as defined in Regulation UN/ECE No 123, unless it is agreed with the technical service that Class C is the representative/average LED intensity for the vehicle application, power measurements shall be done at the LED intensity of each class (Pc) as defined in Regulation UN/ECE 123. If Class C is the representative/average LED intensity for the vehicle application, power measurements shall be done in the same way as for any other exterior LED light included in the combination.

Test equipment

The following equipment shall be used, as shown in the Figure below:

a power supply unit (i.e. variable voltage supplier);
two digital multimeters, one for measuring the DC-current, and the other for measuring the DC-voltage. In the Figure, a possible test set-up is shown, when the DC-voltage meter is integrated in the power supply unit.

Test set-up

Measurements and determination of the power savings

For each efficient exterior LED light included in the combination the measurement of the current shall be performed as shown in the Figure at a voltage of 13,2 V. LED module(s) operated by an electronic light source control gear, shall be measured as specified by the applicant.

The manufacturer may request that other measurements of the current shall be done at other additional voltages. In that case, the manufacturer shall hand over verified documentation on the necessity to perform those other measurements to the type-approval authority. The measurements of the currents at each of those additional voltages shall be performed consecutively at least five times. The exact installed voltages and the measured current shall be recorded in four decimals.

The power consumption shall be determined by multiplying the installed voltage with the measured current. The average of the power consumption for each efficient exterior LED light ( $\bar{P_{{EI}_{i}}}$ ) shall be calculated. Each value shall be expressed in four decimals. When a stepper motor or electronic controller is used for the supply of the electricity to the LED lights, the electric load of that component part shall be excluded from the measurement.

Additional measurements for Low beam Adaptive Front Lighting System (AFS)

Table 1

Classes of Low beam AFS

Class	See point 1.3 and footnote 2 of UN/ECE Regulation 123	% LED Intensity	Activation Mode^f1
Activation speeds to be checked for each vehicle application in accordance with UN/ECE Regulation No 48 section 6, chapter 6.22, paragraphs 6.22.7.4.1 (class C), 6.22.7.4.2 (class V), 6.22.7.4.3 (class E), 6.22.7.4.4 (class W).
C	Base Passing Beam (Country)	100 %	50 km/h < speed < 100 km/h Or when no mode of another passing beam class is activated (V, W, E)
V	Town	85 %	Speed < 50 km/h
E	Motorway	110 %	Speed > 100 km/h
W	Adverse Conditions	90 %	Windshield wiper active > 2 min

Where the power measurements at the LED intensity of each class are needed, after conducting the measurements of each P_c, the power of the Low beam AFS ( $P_{{EI}_{AFS}}$ ) shall be calculated as a weighted average of the LED Power during the WLTC speed bands, with the following Formula 1.

Formula 1

P_{{EI}_{AFS}} = \sum_{c = 1}^{C} {WLTC_share}_{c} \times \bar{P_{c}}

Where:

$\bar{P_{c}}$ is the power consumption (mean of the n measurements) for each class;
${WLTC_share}_{c}$ is the WLTC time percentage per speed band in each class (WLTC last 1 800 s in total):

Table 2

Speed band	Time	WLTC_share_c (%)
< 50 km/h:	1 058 s	0,588 (58,8 %)
50 – 100 km/h	560 s	0,311 (31,1 %)
> 100 km/h	182 s	0,101 (10,1 %)

When the Low beam AFS only has 2 classes not covering all WLTC speeds (e.g. C & V), the weighting of Class C power shall also include the WLTC time not covered by the 2^nd class (e.g. Class C time ‘t’ = 0,588 + 0,101)

The resulting power savings of each efficient exterior LED light (ΔP_i) shall be calculated with the following Formula 2:

Formula 2

{ΔP}_{i} = P_{B_{i}} - \bar{P_{{EI}_{i}}}

where the power consumption of the corresponding baseline vehicle light is as specified in Table 3:

Table 3

Power consumptions for different baseline vehicle lights

Vehicle light	Total electric power (P_B)[W]
Low beam headlamp	137
High beam headlamp	150
Front position	12
License plate	12
Front fog lamp	124
Rear fog lamp	26
Front turn signal lamp	13
Rear turn signal lamp	13
Reversing lamp	52
Cornering lamp	44
Static Bending lamp	44

4.1Calculation of the CO2 savings

The total CO₂ savings of the lighting package shall be calculated in accordance with the specific powertrain of the vehicle (i.e. Conventional, NOVC-HEV).

4.1.1Internal combustion engine powered passenger cars and NOVC-HEVs of category M 1 for which uncorrected measured fuel consumption and CO 2 emission values may be used in accordance with paragraph 1.1.4 of Appendix 2 to Sub-Annex 8 to Annex XXI to Regulation (EU) 2017/1151F1

The CO₂ savings shall be calculated in accordance with the following Formula 3:

Formula 3

C_{{CO}_{2}} = (\sum_{i = 1}^{m} {ΔP}_{i} \times {UF}_{i}) \times \frac{V_{Pe}}{η_{A}} \times \frac{CF}{v}

Where:

Mean driving speed of the WLTC [km/h], which is 46,60 km/h

η_A

Efficiency of the alternator, which is 0,67

V_Pe

Consumption of effective power as specified in Table 4

F1Table 4

Consumption of effective power

Type of Engine	Consumption of effective power (V _Pe ) [l/kWh]
Petrol/E85	0,264
Petrol/E85 Turbo	0,280
Diesel	0,220
LPG	0,342
LPG Turbo	0,363
	Consumption of effective power (V _Pe ) [m ³ /kWh]
CNG (G20)	0,259
CNG (G20) Turbo	0,275

Conversion factor as defined in Table 5.

Table 5

Fuel conversion factor

Type of fuel	Conversion factor (CF) [gCO ₂ /l]
Petrol/E85	2 330
Diesel	2 640
LPG	1 629
	Conversion factor (CF) [gCO ₂ /m ³ ]
CNG (G20)	1 795

UF_i

Usage factor for the vehicle light [-] as defined in Table 6.

Table 6

Usage factor for different vehicle lights

Vehicle light	Usage factor (UF)[-]
Low beam headlamp	0,33
High beam headlamp	0,03
Front position	0,36
License plate	0,36
Front fog lamp	0,01
Rear fog lamp	0,01
Front turn signal lamp	0,15
Rear turn signal lamp	0,15
Reversing lamp	0,01
Cornering lamp	0,019
Static Bending lamp	0,039

4.1.2NOVC-HEVs not falling within the scope of point 4.1.1F1

The CO₂ savings shall be calculated in accordance with the following Formula 4:

Formula 4

C_{{CO}_{2}} = \frac{\sum_{m}^{i = 1} {ΔP}_{i} \times {UF}_{i}}{v \times η_{DCDC}} \times K_{{CO}_{2}}

Where:

η_DCDC

Efficiency of the DC-DC converter

K_{{CO}_{2}}

CO₂ correction factor $[(\frac{{gCO}_{2}}{km}) ∕ (\frac{Wh}{km})]$ , as defined in paragraph 2.2 of Appendix 2 to Sub-Annex 8 to Annex XXI to Regulation (EU) 2017/1151.

The efficiency of the DC-DC converter (η_DCDC ) shall be evaluated in accordance with the appropriate vehicle architecture, as specified in Table 7:

Table 7

F1Efficiency of the DC-DC converter for different vehicle light architectures

#	Architecture	η_DCDC
1	Lights connected in parallel to the low voltage battery (lights fed directly from the high voltage battery via DCDC converter)	0,xx
2	Lights connected in series after the low voltage battery, and the low voltage battery connected in series to the High voltage battery	1
3	High Voltage and low voltage batteries have exactly the same voltage (12 V, 48 V,…) as the lights	1

For architecture #1, the efficiency of the DC-DC converter (η_DCDC ) shall be the highest value resulting from the efficiency tests performed in the operative electric current range. The measuring interval shall be equal or lower than 10 % of the operative electric current range.

4.2Calculation of the statistical margin

The statistical margin of the lighting package shall be calculated in accordance with the specific powertrain of the vehicle (i.e. Conventional, NOVC-HEV).

4.2.1Internal combustion engine powered passenger cars and NOVC-HEVs of category M 1 for which uncorrected measured fuel consumption and CO 2 emission values may be used in accordance with paragraph 1.1.4of Appendix 2 to Sub-Annex 8 to Annex XXI to Regulation (EU) 2017/1151F1

The statistical margin of the results of the testing methodology caused by the measurements shall be quantified. For each efficient exterior LED light included in the package the standard deviation shall be calculated in accordance with Formula 5:

Formula 5

s_{\bar{P_{{EI}_{i}}}} = \frac{s_{P_{{EI}_{i}}}}{\sqrt{n}} = \sqrt{\frac{\sum_{n}^{j = 1} {(P_{{EI}_{i_{j}}} - \bar{P_{{EI}_{i}}})}^{2}}{n (n - 1)}}

Where:

Number of measurements of the sample, which is at least 5

Where the standard deviation of the power consumption of each efficient exterior LED light ( $s_{\bar{P_{{EI}_{i}}}}$ ) leads to an error in the CO₂ savings ( $s_{C_{{CO}_{2}}}$ ) that error shall be calculated by means of Formula 6:

Formula 6

4.2.2NOVC-HEVs not falling within the scope of point 4.2.1F1

Formula 7

s_{\bar{P_{{EI}_{i}}}} = \frac{s_{P_{{EI}_{i}}}}{\sqrt{n}} = \sqrt{\frac{\sum_{n}^{j = 1} {(P_{{EI}_{i_{j}}} - \bar{P_{{EI}_{i}}})}^{2}}{n (n - 1)}}

Where:

Number of measurements of the sample, which is at least 5

The CO₂-emission correction factor $K_{{CO}_{2}}$ shall be determined from a set of T measurements performed by the manufacturer, in accordance with paragraph 2.2 of Appendix 2 to Sub-Annex 8 to Annex XXI to Regulation (EU) 2017/1151. For each measurement, electric balance during the test and the measured CO₂-emissions shall be recorded.

In order to evaluate the statistical error of $K_{{CO}_{2}}$ , all T combinations without repetitions of T-1 measurements shall be used to extrapolate T different values of $K_{{CO}_{2}}$ (i.e. $K_{{CO}_{2_{t}}}$ ). The extrapolation shall be performed in accordance with the method defined in paragraph 2.2 of Appendix 2 to Sub-Annex 8 to Annex XXI to Regulation (EU) 2017/1151.

The standard deviation of $K_{{CO}_{2}}$ $(s_{\bar{K_{{CO}_{2}}}})$ shall be calculated in accordance with Formula 8.

Formula 8

s_{\bar{K_{{CO}_{2}}}} = \frac{s_{K_{{CO}_{2}}}}{\sqrt{T}} = \sqrt{\frac{\sum_{T}^{t = 1} {(K_{{CO}_{2_{t}}} - \bar{K_{{CO}_{2}}})}^{2}}{T (T - 1)}}

Where:

Number of measurements performed by the manufacturer for the extrapolation of the $K_{{CO}_{2}}$ as defined in paragraph 2.2 of Appendix 2 to Sub-Annex 8 to Annex XXI to Regulation (EU) 2017/1151.

\bar{K_{{CO}_{2}}}

mean of the T values of $K_{{CO}_{2_{t}}}$

Where the standard deviation of the power consumption of each efficient exterior LED light ( $s_{\bar{P_{{EI}_{i}}}}$ ) and the standard deviation of the $k_{{CO}_{2}}$ $(s_{\bar{k_{{CO}_{2}}}})$ lead to an error in the CO₂ savings ( $s_{C_{{CO}_{2}}}$ ), that error shall be calculated by means of Formula 9.

Formula 9

4.3Statistical margin for Low beam AFS

Where the Low beam AFS is present, formulae 9 shall be adapted to take into account the additional measurements required.

The value of the uncertainty ( $s_{\bar{P_{{EI}_{AFS}}}}$ ) that is to be used for the Low beam AFS shall be calculated with the following formulae 10 and 11:

Where:

Number of measurements of the sample, which is at least 5

\bar{P_{c}}

mean of the n values of P_c

Formula 10

s_{\bar{P_{c}}} = \frac{s_{P_{c}}}{\sqrt{n}} = \sqrt{\frac{\sum_{N}^{n = 1} {(P_{c_{n}} - \bar{P_{c}})}^{2}}{n (n - 1)}}

Formula 11

s_{\bar{P_{{EI}_{AFS}}}} = \sqrt{\sum_{c = 1}^{C} {({WLTC_share}_{c} \times s_{\bar{P_{c}}})}^{2}}

5ROUNDING

The calculated CO₂ savings value ( $C_{{CO}_{2}}$ ) and the statistical margin of the CO₂ saving ( $s_{C_{{CO}_{2}}}$ ) shall be rounded to a maximum of two decimal places.

Each value used in the calculation of the CO₂ savings may be applied unrounded or rounded to the minimum number of decimal places which allows the combined impact of all rounded values on the savings to be lower than 0,25 gCO₂/km.

6STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE

It shall be demonstrated for each type, variant and version of a vehicle fitted with the efficient LED lightings that the uncertainty of the CO₂ savings calculated in accordance with Formula 6 or Formula 9 is not greater than the difference between the total CO₂ savings and the minimum savings threshold specified in Article 9(1) of Implementing Regulation (EU) No 725/2011 (see Formula 12).

Formula 12

MT < C_{{CO}_{2}} - s_{C_{{CO}_{2}}}

Where:

minimum threshold [g CO₂/km]

C_{{CO}_{2}}

total CO₂ saving [g CO₂/km]

s_{C_{{CO}_{2}}}

standard deviation of the total CO₂ saving [gCO₂/km]

Where the total CO₂ emission savings of the efficient LED lighting as determined in accordance with the testing methodology set out in this Annex are below the threshold specified in Article 9(1)(b) of Implementing Regulation (EU) No 725/2011 the second subparagraph of Article 11(2) of that Regulation shall apply.

Annotations to the whole text

Footnotes

Contents