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Council Directive 98/57/EC of 20 July 1998 on the control of Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith) Yabuuchi et al.

EU Directive 1998/57 · Adopted 20 July 1998 · Extends to United Kingdom

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Council Directive 98/57/EC

of 20 July 1998

on the control of Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith) Yabuuchi et al.

THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION,

Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Community, and in particular Article 43 thereof,

Having regard to the proposal from the Commissionf1,

Having regard to the Opinion of the European Parliamentf2,

Having regard to the Opinion of the Economic and Social Committeef3,

Whereas the harmful organism Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith) Yabuuchi et al. was previously known as Pseudomonas solanacearum (Smith) Smith; whereas Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith) Yabuuchi et al. is likely to become the generally accepted name for the organism; whereas the present Directive should take account of this scientific development;

Whereas potato and tomato production occupies an important place in Community agriculture; whereas the potato and tomato yield is constantly threatened by harmful organisms;

Whereas, through the protection of potato and tomato cultivation against such harmful organisms, not only should productive capacity be maintained but agricultural productivity should also be increased;

Whereas protective measures to prevent the introduction of harmful organisms into the territory of a Member State would have only a limited effect if such organisms were not controlled simultaneously and methodically throughout the Community and were not prevented from spreading;

Whereas one of the harmful organisms on potatoes and tomatoes is Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith) Yabuuchi et al., the pathogenic agent of the potato brown rot disease and of bacterial wilt in potatoes and tomatoes; whereas disease outbreaks caused by this pathogen have occurred in some parts of the Community and some limited sources of infection still exist;

Whereas there is a considerable risk to potato and tomato cultivation throughout the Community if effective measures are not taken, with respect to these crops, to locate this organism and determine its distribution, to prevent it from occurring and spreading, and, if found, to prevent its spread and to control it with the aim of eradication;

Whereas, in order to ensure this, certain measures must be taken within the Community; whereas Member States must, in addition, be able to take additional or stricter measures where necessary, provided that there is no hindrance to the movement of potatoes or tomatoes within the Community, except insofar as laid down in Council Directive 77/93/EEC of 21 December 1976 on protective measures against the introduction into the Community of organisms harmful to plants or plant products and against their spread within the Communityf4; whereas such measures must be notified to the other Member States and to the Commission;

Whereas the measures have to take into account that systematic official surveys are necessary to locate the pathogen; whereas such surveys should include inspection procedures and, where appropriate, given that under certain environmental circumstances the disease can remain latent and unobserved both in the growing crop of potatoes and in stored potato tubers, should include sampling and testing procedures; whereas spread of the pathogen within the growing crop is not the most important factor, but whereas the pathogen can spread by surface water and certain associated wild solanaceous plants, and therefore the irrigation of potato and tomato crops using contaminated water appears to pose a risk for infection of such crops; whereas also the pathogen can exist through the winter in self-sown (volunteer) potato and tomato plants and these may be a source of infection being carried from one season to the next; whereas the pathogen is spread also by the contamination of potatoes through contact with infected potatoes and through contact with planting, harvesting and handling equipment or transport and storage containers which have become contaminated with the organism by previous contact with infected potatoes;

Whereas spread of the pathogen can be reduced or prevented by decontamination of such objects; wheras any such contamination of seed potatoes poses a major risk for the spread of the pathogen; similarly the latent infection of seed potatoes poses a major risk for the spread of the pathogen and this can be prevented by the use of seed potatoes produced in an officially approved programme whereby seed potatoes have been tested and found free from infection;

Whereas the current knowledge of the biology and epidemiology of Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith) Yabuuchi et al. under European conditions is incomplete and it is anticipated that a review of the measures proposed will be necessary within several seasons; similarly improvements to the test procedure are anticipated in the light of further research especially on the sensitivity and specificity of test methods in order to select and standardise the optimum test methods available;

Whereas, for the determination of the details of such general measures, as well as for those stricter or additional measures taken by Member States to prevent the introduction of the pathogen into their territory, it is desirable for Member States to cooperate closely with the Commission within the Standing Committee of Plant Health (hereinafter referred to as ‘the Committee’),

HAS ADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE:

Annotations to the whole text

Footnotes

f1

OJ C 124, 21.4.1997, p. 12 and OJ C 108, 7.4.1998, p. 85.

f2

OJ C 14, 19.1.1998, p. 34.

f3

OJ C 206, 7.7.1997, p. 57.

f4

OJ L 26, 31.1.1977, p. 20. Directive as last amended by Commission Directive 98/2/EC (OJ L 15, 21.1.1998, p. 34).

Contents

  1. 1Article 1
  2. 2Article 2
  3. 3Article 3
  4. 4Article 4
  5. 5Article 5
  6. 6Article 6
  7. 7Article 7
  8. 8Article 8
  9. 9Article 9
  10. 10Article 10
  11. 11Article 11
  12. 12Article 12
  13. 13Article 13
  14. 14Article 14
  15. Annex I
  16. IList of host plants of Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith) Yabuuchi et al. referred to in Article 1
  17. Surveys
  18. 1Division 1
  19. 2Division 2
  20. Annex II: TEST SCHEME FOR DIAGNOSIS, DETECTION AND IDENTIFICATION OF RALSTONIA SOLANACEARUM (SMITH) YABUUCHI ET AL.
  21. SCOPE OF THE TEST SCHEME
  22. CONTENTS
  23. GENERAL PRINCIPLES
  24. APPLICATION OF THE TEST SCHEME
  25. 1Detection scheme for the diagnosis of brown rot and bacterial wilt ( Ralstonia solanacearum ) in potato tubers and potato, tomato or other host plants with symptoms of brown rot or bacterial wilt.
  26. Scheme for detection and identification of Ralstonia solanacearum in samples of asymptomatic potato tubers
  27. Principle:
  28. 3Scheme for detection and identification of Ralstonia solanacearum in samples of asymptomatic potato, tomato or other host plants
  29. DETAILED METHODS FOR DETECTION OF RALSTONIA SOLANACEARUM IN POTATO TUBERS AND POTATO, TOMATO OR OTHER HOST PLANTS WITH SYMPTOMS OF BROWN ROT OR BACTERIAL WILT
  30. Symptoms (see website http://forum.europa.eu.int/Public/irc/sanco/Home/main)
  31. 1.1Symptoms on potato
  32. 1.2Symptoms on tomato
  33. 1.3Symptoms on other hosts
  34. Rapid screening tests
  35. Division
  36. 2.1Stem streaming test
  37. 2.2Detection of poly-ß-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) granules
  38. 2.3Serological agglutination tests
  39. 2.4Other tests
  40. 3Isolation procedure
  41. 4Identification tests for R. solanacearum
  43. Detailed methods for detection and identification of Ralstonia solanacearum in samples of asymptomatic potato tubers
  44. Sample preparation
  45. Division
  46. Note:
  47. 1.1.1Division 1.1.1
  48. Division
  49. 1.1.2Division 1.1.2
  50. Division
  51. 1.1.3Division 1.1.3
  52. 1.1.4Division 1.1.4
  53. 1.1.5Division 1.1.5
  54. 1.1.6Division 1.1.6
  55. 1.2Testing
  56. Detailed methods for detection and identification of R. solanacearum in samples of asymptomatic potato, tomato or other host plants
  57. Sample preparation
  59. Division
  60. 2.1.1Division 2.1.1
  61. Division
  62. 2.1.2Division 2.1.2
  63. 2.1.3Division 2.1.3
  64. 2.1.4Division 2.1.4
  65. 2.1.5Division 2.1.5
  66. 2.2Testing
  68. 1Scheme for detection and identification of R. solanacearum in water
  69. Methods for detection and identification of R. solanacearum in water
  70. Principle
  71. Sample preparation
  73. Note:
  74. 2.1.1Division 2.1.1
  75. 2.1.2Division 2.1.2
  76. 2.1.3Division 2.1.3
  77. 2.2Testing
  79. 1Scheme for detection and identification of R. solanacearum in soil
  80. Methods for detection and identification of R. solanacearum in soil
  81. Principles
  82. Sample preparation
  83. 2.1.1Division 2.1.1
  84. 2.1.2Division 2.1.2
  85. 2.1.3Division 2.1.3
  86. 2.2Testing
  87. OPTIMISED PROTOCOLS FOR DETECTION AND IDENTIFICATION OF R. SOLANACEARUM
  88. DIAGNOSTIC AND DETECTION TESTS
  89. 1Stem streaming test
  90. Detection of poly-ß-hydroxybutyrate granules
  91. Division
  92. Nile blue test:
  93. Sudan Black test:
  94. 3Serological agglutination tests
  95. Selective isolation
  96. Selective plating
  97. Division
  98. Division
  99. 4.1.1Division 4.1.1
  100. 4.1.2Division 4.1.2
  101. Division
  102. 4.1.3Division 4.1.3
  103. 4.1.4Division 4.1.4
  104. 4.1.5Division 4.1.5
  105. Interpretation of selective plating test results
  106. Enrichment procedure
  107. Division
  108. 4.2.1Division 4.2.1
  109. 4.2.2Division 4.2.2
  110. 4.2.3Division 4.2.3
  111. 4.2.4Division 4.2.4
  112. Division
  113. IF Test
  114. Principle
  115. Division
  116. 5.1Prepare the test slides by one of the following procedures:
  117. 5.2Division 5.2
  118. IF procedure
  119. Division
  120. 5.3.1Division 5.3.1
  121. 5.3.2Division 5.3.2
  122. 5.3.3Division 5.3.3
  123. 5.3.4Division 5.3.4
  124. 5.3.5Division 5.3.5
  125. 5.3.6Division 5.3.6
  126. 5.3.7Division 5.3.7
  127. Reading the IF test:
  128. 5.4.1Division 5.4.1
  129. 5.4.2Division 5.4.2
  130. 5.4.3Division 5.4.3
  131. 5.4.4Division 5.4.4
  132. 5.4.5Division 5.4.5
  133. PCR tests
  134. Principles
  135. Division
  136. DNA purification methods
  137. Division
  138. (a)Method according to Pastrik (2000)
  139. (b)Other methods
  140. PCR
  141. 6.2.1Division 6.2.1
  142. 6.2.2Division 6.2.2
  143. 6.2.3Division 6.2.3
  144. 6.2.4Division 6.2.4
  145. 6.2.5Division 6.2.5
  146. Analysis of the PCR product
  147. 6.3.1Division 6.3.1
  148. 6.3.2Division 6.3.2
  149. 6.3.3Division 6.3.3
  150. 6.3.4Division 6.3.4
  151. Interpretation of the PCR test result:
  152. Division
  153. FISH test
  154. Principle
  155. Division
  156. Potato extract fixation
  157. Division
  158. 7.1.1Division 7.1.1
  159. 7.1.2Division 7.1.2
  160. 7.1.3Division 7.1.3
  161. 7.1.4Division 7.1.4
  162. 7.1.5Division 7.1.5
  163. 7.1.6Division 7.1.6
  164. Hybridisation
  165. 7.2.1Division 7.2.1
  166. 7.2.2Division 7.2.2
  167. 7.2.3Division 7.2.3
  168. 7.2.4Division 7.2.4
  169. 7.2.5Division 7.2.5
  170. 7.2.6Division 7.2.6
  171. 7.2.7Division 7.2.7
  172. 7.2.8Division 7.2.8
  173. 7.2.9Division 7.2.9
  174. Reading the FISH test
  175. 7.3.1Division 7.3.1
  176. 7.3.2Division 7.3.2
  177. 7.3.3Division 7.3.3
  178. 7.3.4Division 7.3.4
  179. 7.3.5Division 7.3.5
  180. 7.3.6Division 7.3.6
  181. ELISA tests
  182. Principle
  183. Division
  185. Division
  186. (a)Indirect ELISA (Robinson Smith et al. , 1995)
  187. (b)DASI ELISA
  188. Interpretation of ELISA test results:
  189. Bioassay test
  190. Division
  191. Division
  192. 9.1Division 9.1
  194. Division
  195. 9.2.1Syringe inoculation
  196. 9.2.2Slit inoculation
  197. 9.3Division 9.3
  198. 9.4Division 9.4
  199. 9.5Division 9.5
  200. 9.6Division 9.6
  201. 9.7Division 9.7
  202. Interpretation of the bioassay test results
  203. IDENTIFICATION TESTS
  204. Division
  205. 1Nutritional and enzymatic identification tests
  206. IF test
  207. 2.1Division 2.1
  208. 2.2Division 2.2
  209. 2.3Division 2.3
  210. 2.4Division 2.4
  211. ELISA test
  213. Division
  214. 3.1Division 3.1
  215. 3.2Division 3.2
  216. 3.3Division 3.3
  217. PCR tests
  218. 4.1Division 4.1
  219. 4.2Division 4.2
  220. 4.3Division 4.3
  221. 4.4Division 4.4
  222. FISH test
  223. 5.1Division 5.1
  224. 5.2Division 5.2
  225. 5.3Division 5.3
  226. Fatty acid profiling (FAP)
  227. 6.1Division 6.1
  228. 6.2Division 6.2
  229. 6.3Division 6.3
  230. Strain characterisation methods
  231. Division
  232. 7.1Biovar determination
  233. Genomic fingerprinting
  234. Division
  235. 7.2.1Division 7.2.1
  236. 7.2.2Division 7.2.2
  237. 7.2.3Division 7.2.3
  238. 7.3PCR methods
  239. CCONFIRMATION TEST
  240. 1Laboratories involved in optimisation and validation of protocols
  241. 2Media for isolation and culture of R. solanacearum
  242. 3Appendix 3
  243. 4Buffers for test procedures
  244. 5Determination of contamination level in IF and FISH tests
  245. 6Validated PCR protocols and reagents
  246. 7Validated reagents for FISH test
  247. 8Eggplant and tomato culture
  248. Annex IIIAnnex III
  249. Annex IVAnnex IV
  250. Annex VAnnex V
  251. Annex VIAnnex VI
  252. Annex VIIAnnex VII