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Commission Implementing Decision of 26 September 2014 establishing the best available techniques (BAT) conclusions, under Directive 2010/75/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council, for the production of pulp, paper and board (notified under document C(2014) 6750) (Text with EEA relevance) (2014/687/EU)

EU Decision 2014/687 · Adopted 26 September 2014 · Extends to United Kingdom

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Commission Implementing Decision

of 26 September 2014

establishing the best available techniques (BAT) conclusions, under Directive 2010/75/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council, for the production of pulp, paper and board

(notified under document C(2014) 6750)

(Text with EEA relevance)

(2014/687/EU)

THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION,

Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union,

Having regard to Directive 2010/75/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 November 2010 on industrial emissions (integrated pollution prevention and control)f1, and in particular Article 13(5) thereof,

Whereas:

(1)

Article 13(1) of Directive 2010/75/EU requires the Commission to organise an exchange of information on industrial emissions between it and Member States, the industries concerned and non-governmental organisations promoting environmental protection in order to facilitate the drawing up of best available techniques (BAT) reference documents as defined in Article 3(11) of that Directive.

(2)

In accordance with Article 13(2) of Directive 2010/75/EU, the exchange of information is to address the performance of installations and techniques in terms of emissions, expressed as short- and long-term averages, where appropriate, and the associated reference conditions, consumption and nature of raw materials, water consumption, use of energy and generation of waste and the techniques used, associated monitoring, cross-media effects, economic and technical viability and developments therein and best available techniques and emerging techniques identified after considering the issues mentioned in points (a) and (b) of Article 13(2) of that Directive.

(3)

‘BAT conclusions’ as defined in Article 3(12) of Directive 2010/75/EU are the key element of BAT reference documents and lay down the conclusions on best available techniques, their description, information to assess their applicability, the emission levels associated with the best available techniques, associated monitoring, associated consumption levels and, where appropriate, relevant site remediation measures.

(4)

In accordance with Article 14(3) of Directive 2010/75/EU, BAT conclusions are to be the reference for setting permit conditions for installations covered by Chapter II of that Directive.

(5)

Article 15(3) of Directive 2010/75/EU requires the competent authority to set emission limit values that ensure that, under normal operating conditions, emissions do not exceed the emission levels associated with the best available techniques as laid down in the decisions on BAT conclusions referred to in Article 13(5) of Directive 2010/75/EU.

(6)

Article 15(4) of Directive 2010/75/EU provides for derogations from the requirement laid down in Article 15(3) only where the costs associated with the achievement of the emission levels associated with the BAT disproportionately outweigh the environmental benefits due to the geographical location, the local environmental conditions or the technical characteristics of the installation concerned.

(7)

Article 16(1) of Directive 2010/75/EU provides that the monitoring requirements in the permit referred to in point (c) of Article 14(1) of the Directive are to be based on the conclusions on monitoring as described in the BAT conclusions.

(8)

In accordance with Article 21(3) of Directive 2010/75/EU, within 4 years of publication of decisions on BAT conclusions, the competent authority is to reconsider and, if necessary, update all the permit conditions and ensure that the installation complies with those permit conditions.

(9)

Commission Decision of 16 May 2011f2 establishes a forum, for the exchange of information pursuant to Article 13 of Directive 2010/75/EU on industrial emissions, which is composed of representatives of Member States, the industries concerned and non-governmental organisations promoting environmental protection.

(10)

In accordance with Article 13(4) of Directive 2010/75/EU, the Commission obtained the opinion of that forum on the proposed content of the BAT reference document for the production of pulp, paper and board on 20 September 2013 and made it publicly availablef3.

(11)

The measures provided for in this Decision are in accordance with the opinion of the Committee established by Article 75(1) of Directive 2010/75/EU,

HAS ADOPTED THIS DECISION:

Annotations to the whole text

Footnotes

f1

OJ L 334, 17.12.2010, p. 17.

f2

OJ C 146, 17.5.2011, p. 3.

f3

https://circabc.europa.eu/w/browse/6516b21a-7f84-4532-b0e1-52d411bd0309

Contents

  1. 1Article 1
  2. 2Application and Interpretation
  3. Annex: BAT CONCLUSIONS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF PULP, PAPER AND BOARD
  4. SCOPE
  5. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
  6. EMISSION LEVELS ASSOCIATED WITH BAT
  7. AVERAGING PERIODS FOR EMISSIONS TO WATER
  8. REFERENCE CONDITIONS FOR EMISSIONS TO AIR
  9. Conversion to reference oxygen concentration
  10. AVERAGING PERIODS FOR EMISSIONS TO AIR
  11. DEFINITIONS
  12. ACRONYMS
  13. 1.1GENERAL BAT CONCLUSIONS FOR THE PULP AND PAPER INDUSTRY
  14. Environmental management system
  15. BAT 1In order to improve the overall environmental performance of plants for the production of pulp, paper and board, BAT is to implement and adhere to an environmental management system (EMS) that incorporates all of the following features:
  16. Applicability
  17. Materials management and good housekeeping
  18. BAT 2BAT is to apply the principles of good housekeeping for minimising the environmental impact of the production process by using a combination of the techniques given below.
  19. BAT 3In order to reduce the release of not readily biodegradable organic chelating agents such as EDTA or DTPA from peroxide bleaching, BAT is to use a combination of the techniques given below.
  20. Water and waste water management
  21. BAT 4In order to reduce the generation and the pollution load of waste water from wood storage and preparation, BAT is to use a combination of the techniques given below.
  22. BAT 5In order to reduce fresh water use and generation of waste water, BAT is to close the water system to the degree technically feasible in line with the pulp and paper grade manufactured by using a combination of the techniques given below.
  23. Energy consumption and efficiency
  24. BAT 6In order to reduce fuel and energy consumption in pulp and paper mills, BAT is to use technique (a) and a combination of the other techniques given below.
  25. Description
  26. 1.1.5Emissions of odour
  27. BAT 7In order to prevent and reduce the emission of odorous compounds originating from the waste water system, BAT is to use a combination of the techniques given below.
  28. Monitoring of key process parameters and of emissions to water and air
  29. BAT 8BAT is to monitor the key process parameters according to the table given below.
  30. BAT 9BAT is to carry out the monitoring and measurement of emissions to air, as indicated below, on a regular basis with the frequency indicated and according to EN standards. If EN standards are not available, BAT is to use ISO, national or other international standards which ensure the provision of data of an equivalent scientific quality.
  31. BAT 10BAT is to carry out the monitoring of emissions to water, as indicated below, with the indicated frequency and according to EN standards. If EN standards are not available, BAT is to use ISO, national or other international standards that ensure the provision of data of an equivalent scientific quality.
  32. BAT is to regularly monitor and assess diffuse total reduced sulphur emissions from relevant sources.
  33. Description
  34. Waste management
  35. BAT 12In order to reduce the quantities of wastes sent for disposal, BAT is to implement a waste assessment (including waste inventories) and management system, so as to facilitate waste reuse, or failing that, waste recycling, or failing that, ‘other recovery’, including a combination of the techniques given below.
  36. 1.1.8Emissions to water
  37. In order to reduce nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus) emissions into receiving waters, BAT is to substitute chemical additives with high nitrogen and phosphorus contents by additives containing low nitrogen and phosphorus contents.
  38. Applicability
  39. BAT 14In order to reduce emissions of pollutants into receiving waters, BAT is to use all of the techniques given below.
  40. When further removal of organic substances, nitrogen or phosphorus is needed, BAT is to use tertiary treatment as described in Section 1.7.2.2.
  41. BAT 16In order to reduce emissions of pollutants into receiving waters from biological waste water treatment plants, BAT is to use all of the techniques given below.
  42. Emissions of noise
  43. BAT 17In order to reduce the emissions of noise from pulp and paper manufacturing, BAT is to use a combination of the techniques given below.
  44. Decommissioning
  45. BAT 18In order to prevent pollution risks when decommissioning a plant, BAT is to use the general techniques given below.
  46. 1.2BAT CONCLUSIONS FOR KRAFT PULPING PROCESS
  47. Waste water and emissions to water
  48. BAT 19In order to reduce emissions of pollutants into receiving waters from the whole mill, BAT is to use TCF or modern ECF bleaching (see description in Section 1.7.2.1), and a suitable combination of the techniques specified in BAT 13, BAT 14, BAT 15 and BAT 16 and of the techniques given below.
  49. BAT-associated emission levels
  50. Emissions to air
  51. Reduction of emissions in strong and weak odorous gases
  52. BAT 20In order to reduce odour emissions and total reduced sulphur emissions due to strong and weak odorous gases, BAT is to prevent diffuse emissions by capturing all process-based sulphur containing off-gases, including all vents with sulphur-containing emissions, by applying all of the techniques given below.
  53. Applicability
  54. Reduction of emissions from a recovery boiler
  55. SO2 and TRS emissions
  56. BAT 21In order to reduce SO2 and TRS emissions from a recovery boiler, BAT is to use a combination of the techniques given below.
  57. BAT-associated emission levels
  58. NOx emissions
  59. BAT 22In order to reduce NOx emissions from a recovery boiler, BAT is to use an optimised firing system including all of the features given below.
  60. Applicability
  61. BAT-associated emission levels
  62. Dust emissions
  63. In order to reduce dust emissions from a recovery boiler, BAT is to use an electrostatic precipitator (ESP) or a combination of ESP and wet scrubber.
  64. Description
  65. BAT-associated emission levels
  66. Reduction of emissions from a lime kiln
  67. SO2 emissions
  68. BAT 24In order to reduce SO2 emissions from a lime kiln, BAT is to apply one or a combination of the techniques given below.
  69. BAT-associated emission levels
  70. TRS emissions
  71. BAT 25In order to reduce TRS emissions from a lime kiln, BAT is to apply one or a combination of the techniques given below.
  72. BAT-associated emission levels
  73. NOx emissions
  74. BAT 26In order to reduce NOx emissions from a lime kiln, BAT is to apply a combination of the techniques given below.
  75. BAT-associated emission levels
  76. Dust emissions
  77. In order to reduce dust emissions from a lime kiln, BAT is to use an electrostatic precipitator (ESP) or a combination of ESP and wet scrubber.
  78. Description
  79. BAT-associated emission levels
  80. Reduction of emissions from a burner for strong odorous gases (dedicated TRS burner)
  81. In order to reduce SO2 emissions from the incineration of strong odorous gases in a dedicated TRS burner, BAT is to use an alkaline SO2 scrubber.
  82. BAT-associated emission levels
  83. BAT 29In order to reduce NOx emissions from the incineration of strong odorous gases in a dedicated TRS burner, BAT is to use one or a combination of the techniques given below.
  84. BAT-associated emission levels
  85. Waste generation
  86. In order to prevent waste generation and minimise the amount of solid waste to be disposed of, BAT is to recycle dust from black liquor recovery boiler ESPs to the process.
  87. Applicability
  88. Energy consumption and efficiency
  89. BAT 31In order to reduce thermal energy consumption (steam), maximise the benefit of energy carriers used, and to reduce the consumption of electricity, BAT is to apply a combination of the techniques given below.
  90. BAT 32In order to increase the efficiency of power generation, BAT is to apply a combination of the techniques given below.
  91. 1.3BAT CONCLUSIONS FOR THE SULPHITE PULPING PROCESS
  92. Waste water and emissions to water
  93. BAT 33In order to prevent and reduce emissions of pollutants into receiving waters from the whole mill, BAT is to use a suitable combination of the techniques specified in BAT 13, BAT 14, BAT 15 and BAT 16 and of the techniques given below.
  94. BAT-associated emission levels
  95. Emissions to air
  96. In order to prevent and reduce SO2 emissions, BAT is to collect all highly concentrated SO2-gas streams from acid liquor production, digesters, diffusers, or blow tanks and to recover the sulphur components.
  97. BAT 35In order to prevent and reduce diffuse sulphur-containing and odorous emissions from washing, screening, and evaporators, BAT is to collect these weak gases and to apply one of the techniques given below.
  98. BAT 36In order to reduce NOx emissions from a recovery boiler, BAT is to use an optimised firing system including one or a combination of the techniques given below.
  99. BAT-associated emission levels
  100. BAT 37In order to reduce dust and SO2 emissions from a recovery boiler, BAT is to use one of the techniques given below and to limit ‘acid operation’ of the scrubbers to the minimum required to ensure their proper functioning.
  101. BAT-associated emission levels
  102. Energy consumption and efficiency
  103. BAT 38In order to reduce thermal energy consumption (steam), maximise the benefit of the energy carriers used and to reduce the consumption of electricity, BAT is to use a combination of the techniques given below.
  104. BAT 39In order to increase the efficiency of power generation, BAT is to use a combination of the techniques given below.
  105. 1.4BAT CONCLUSIONS FOR MECHANICAL PULPING AND CHEMIMECHANICAL PULPING
  106. Waste water and emissions to water
  107. BAT 40In order to reduce fresh water use, waste water flow, and the pollution load, BAT is to use a suitable combination of the techniques specified in BAT 13, BAT 14, BAT 15 and BAT 16 and of the techniques given below.
  108. BAT-associated emission levels
  109. Energy consumption and efficiency
  110. BAT 41In order to reduce the consumption of thermal and electrical energy, BAT is to use a combination of the techniques given below.
  111. 1.5BAT CONCLUSIONS FOR PROCESSING PAPER FOR RECYCLING
  112. Materials management
  113. BAT 42In order to prevent the contamination of soil and groundwater or to reduce the risk thereof and in order to reduce wind drift of paper for recycling and diffuse dust emissions from the paper for recycling yard, BAT is to use one or a combination of the techniques given below.
  114. Waste water and emissions to water
  115. BAT 43In order to reduce fresh water use, waste water flow, and the pollution load, BAT is to use a combination of the techniques given below.
  116. BAT 44In order to maintain advanced water circuit closure in mills processing paper for recycling and to avoid possible negative effects from the increased recycling of process water, BAT is to use one or a combination of the techniques given below.
  117. Applicability
  118. BAT 45In order to prevent and reduce the pollution load of waste water into receiving waters from the whole mill, BAT is to use a suitable combination of the techniques specified in BAT 13, BAT 14, BAT 15, BAT 16, BAT 43 and BAT 44.
  119. BAT-associated emission levels
  120. Energy consumption and efficiency
  121. BAT 46BAT is to reduce electrical energy consumption within RCF processing paper mills by using a combination of the techniques given below.
  122. 1.6BAT CONCLUSIONS FOR PAPERMAKING AND RELATED PROCESSES
  123. Waste water and emissions to water
  124. BAT 47In order to reduce the generation of waste water, BAT is to use a combination of the techniques given below.
  125. BAT 48In order to reduce fresh water use and emissions to water from speciality paper mills, BAT is to use a combination of the techniques given below.
  126. BAT 49In order to reduce emission loads of coating colours and binders which can disturb the biological waste water treatment plant, BAT is to use technique (a) given below or, in case this is technically not feasible, technique (b) given below.
  127. In order to prevent and reduce the pollution load of waste water into receiving waters from the whole mill, BAT is to use a suitable combination of the techniques specified in BAT 13, BAT 14, BAT 15, BAT 47, BAT 48 and BAT 49.
  128. BAT-associated emission levels
  129. Emissions to air
  130. In order to reduce VOC emissions from off-line or on-line coaters, BAT is to choose coating colour recipes (compositions) that reduce VOC emissions.
  131. Waste generation
  132. BAT 52In order to minimise the amount of solid waste to be disposed of, BAT is to prevent waste generation and to carry out recycling operations by the use of a combination of the techniques given below (see general BAT 20).
  133. Energy consumption and efficiency
  134. BAT 53In order to reduce the consumption of thermal and electrical energy, BAT is to use a combination of the techniques given below.
  135. DESCRIPTION OF TECHNIQUES
  136. Description of techniques for the prevention and control of emissions to air
  137. 1.7.1.1Dust
  138. 1.7.1.2NOx
  139. 1.7.1.3SO2/TRS emissions prevention and control
  140. Description of techniques to reduce fresh water use/waste water flow and the pollution load in waste water
  141. 1.7.2.1Process integrated techniques
  142. 1.7.2.2Waste water treatment
  143. 1.7.3Description of techniques for waste generation prevention and waste management